How do we know whether a particular treatment really works? How reliable is the evidence? And how do we ensure that research into medical treatments best meets the needs of patients? These are just a few of the questions addressed in a lively and informative way in Testing Treatments. Brimming with vivid examples, Testing Treatments will inspire bo
How do we know whether a particular drug, therapy or operation really works, and how well? How reliable is the evidence? Are clinical trials truly unbiased? And is current research focused on the real needs of patients? This book addresses these questions in this probing inquiry into modern clinical research.
Although blood transfusion saves lives and reduces morbidities in many clinical diseases and conditions, it is associated with certain risks. In general, transfusion-related adverse events are categorised as infectious and non-infectious. This book contains the research in this essential field.
Forkhead transcription factors, and the vital role they play in systems throughout the body, are presented in this reference. Leading experts highlight forkhead genes and proteins that may aid the development of new strategies for a broad array of disorders.
Asthma is a disease that affects the lungs. Environmental exposures, such as house dust mites and environmental tobacco smoke, are important triggers of an attack. This book presents research on the causes on asthma as well as its diagnosis and treatment.
Birth defects are defined as abnormalities of structure, function, or body metabolism that are present at birth. These abnormalities lead to mental or physical disabilities or are fatal. This book presents research in this field from around the world.
Stem cells are the foundation cells for every organ, tissue and cell in the body. Stem cells are undifferentiated, 'blank' cells that do not yet have a specific function. Under proper conditions, stem cells begin to develop into specialized tissues and organs. This book gathers important research in the field.
Presents a range of solutions to analytic issues. This title reflects developments in methodology with coverage of mixture models and a dataset example. It implements examples using SAS and R code and incorporates a number of examples from real QoL clinical trials to illustrate design and analysis methods.
Stem cells are self-renewing, unspecialised cells that can give rise to multiple types all of specialised cells of the body. Stem cell research also involves complex ethical and legal considerations since they involve adult, foetal tissue and embryonic sources. This book presents important research from around the globe.
Adult stem cells certainly have given certain degrees of success but not nearly to the extent that advocates would have wished for. This book provides background information on stem cells. It also provides the non-stem cell expert with an understandable review of the history and facts and fiction of the promises of stem cells.
There is much public interest in stem cells, but also much confusion and misinformation. In this Very Short Introduction, developmental biologist Jonathan Slack explains the biology behind stem cells; what they are, what scientists do with them, what stem cell therapies are available today, and what can be expected to happen in the future.
Stem cells are self-renewing, unspecialised cells that can give rise to multiple types all of specialised cells of the body. Stem cell research also involves complex ethical and legal considerations since they involve adult, foetal tissue and embryonic sources. This book focuses on transplantation, tissue engineering and cancer applications.
Presents the essentials of behavioral test methodology needed for effective study planning and high quality behavioral data collection on laboratory mice. This book places emphasis on special issues that arise when testing genetically different mice, including inbred strains and mice with targeted mutations.
Enables nonstatisticians to better understand research processes and statistics' role in these processes. This title offers real-life case studies and provides a practical, 'how to' guide to biomedical R&D. It delineates the statistical building blocks and concepts of clinical trials.
Among the many applications of stem cell research are nervous system diseases, diabetes, heart disease, auto-immune diseases as well as Parkinson's disease, end-stage kidney disease, liver failure, cancer, and, Parkinson's disease. This book presents research in this field, from around the globe in this dynamic field.
Intends to inform biomedical researchers about various applications of modern data analysis and simulation methods as applied to biomedical research. This title presents step-by-step computer methods and discusses the techniques to enable their implementation in solving a wide range of problems.
This book covers all relevant pocket calculator statistical methods, making it an ideal resource for those who wish to understand statistics but have no time for complex mathematics. It helps facilitate data analysis by detailing pocket calculator methods.
Covers the design, analysis, and conduct of health intervention trails in which groups or clusters of individuals are randomized to different conditions. This book uses case studies to illustrate methods and Stata code based on real-world datasets to demonstrate analytical methods.
Presents an introduction to cluster analysis and algorithms in the context of drug discovery clustering applications. This book provides an understanding of the applications in clustering large combinatorial libraries for compound acquisition, HTS results, 3D lead hopping, gene expression for toxicity studies, and protein reaction data.
Introduces the fundamental principles of research methodology and explains how these principles are applied for conducting research in the health sciences. This book demonstrates how evidence produced through research is applied to solving problems in everyday health care. It focuses on the use of qualitative methods in health research.
Intended for clinical researchers, this book provides a foundation for improving skills in the understanding of ethical requirements in the design and conduct of clinical research. It includes practical information on ethical principles in clinical research, designing appropriate research studies, writing consent and assent documents.
Divided into five parts, this book demystifies the research process and provides a foundation from which to understand research designs and applications in health care and human service settings. It explores multiple research strategies, proposing that naturalistic and experimental-type research strategies contribute to the science of practice.
Properly conducted medical studies, following the principles of scientific experimentation, provide the only reliable basis for evaluating the efficacy and safety of new treatments. It is vital that these be based on carefully formulated research protocols. This book discusses the design of studies for medical research.
A guide that helps in building and enhancing global clinical trial capacity in emerging markets and developing countries. It covers the design, conduct, and tools to build and/or enhance human capacity to execute such trials, appealing to individuals in health ministries, pharmaceutical companies, world health organizations, academia, and more.
By exploring the various regulations specific to the major players and providing insight into the logistical challenges including language barriers, this book provides a working tool for clinical researchers and administrators to navigate the intricacies of clinical trials in developing countries.
Focuses on 'biosurfactants'. This book highlights the progress made by the scientific community in this field, and also critically analyzes the lacunae to improve the commercial prospects of these wonder biomolecules by resorting to novel screening methods, metabolic pathway engineering, and process development and application strategies.
Most information currently available to health professionals focuses on quantitative research; this book fills the gap. Written by occupational therapists and physiotherapists of international standing, this practical text maps the links between philosophy, research methods and practice in an accessible way.
The brain's complexity provides a constant challenge for scientists to explore new theories. Because of the brain's wide-ranging role in bodily functions these studies have an impact on many other realms of science, such as psychology, neurology, and genetics. This book features studies from this important field of scientific research.
The thyroid concentrates iodine and so is sensitive to the effects of various radioactive isotopes of iodine produced by nuclear fission. These radioactive isotopes increase the chances of developing cancer, though thyroid cancer can develop even without any exposure to radioactivity. This book presents the research in this field.
An essential, up-to-date guide to the design of studies and selection of the correct QoL instruments for observational studies and clinical trials. Quality of Life (QoL) outcomes or Person/Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are now frequently being used in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies.
Provides guidance on completing and publishing a research project. The book follows the research process, from the formulation of a researchable question, deciding on the design, choosing a sample, and devising measurement instruments, to data analysis and final write up of a project.
Many health professionals want to investigate their health care practice and how it could be improved to benefit their patients. This book introduces a range of research approaches and explains what can be achieved with different methods and how they can compliment each other.
Struggling to do a project or dissertation, evaluate published research or conduct your own research? This title explains how to evaluate existing research and how to conduct your own research. Suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate students, it focuses on design and analysis of experimental studies.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative disorder in the ageing population, with dementia as a common consequence. Dementia, on the other hand, is a clinical diagnosis and is defined as globally, persistently impaired cognitive skills including memory. This book presents research in this dynamic field.
A guide which incorporates changes in policies and procedures of the NIH, with emphasis on the role of the Internet in the research proposal process. It provides a detailed overview of the entire review process, and includes hundreds of tips on how to enhance proposals, excerpts from real proposals, and extensive Internet references.
Genes, which are carried on chromosomes, are the basic physical and functional units of heredity. Genes are sequences of bases that encode instructions on how to make proteins. Gene therapy is an experimental treatment that involves introducing genetic material into a person's cells to fight disease. This book presents the research in the field.
Examining the molecules that pathogens produce, this volume studies how those pathogens either regulate or usurp the functions of the immune system. In short, these chapters explore the use of pathogen-derived immune modulating molecules as a therapy.
A circadian rhythm is a roughly - 24-hour cycle in the physiological processes of living beings including plants, animals, fungi and cyanobacteria. The malfunctioning of a person's circadian system, or biological clock, causes circadian rhythm disorders. This work presents the research in the field.
Explores advances in basic research on nanoparticles in translational science and medicine and how this knowledge is leading to advances in the various fields. This title provides a forum for discussion of new discoveries, approaches, and ideas. It is suitable for researchers involved in molecular biology and related fields.
Focuses on various areas of research fraud and misconduct. This title includes an analysis of the historical aspects of research misconduct, with cases from across the world. It also features a section on detection of research misconduct, examining the roles of the peer review process, statistical analysis, and routine enhanced audit.
DNA Fingerprinting is a method of identification that compares fragments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The techniques used in DNA fingerprinting also have applications law and law enforcement, palaeontology, archaeology, various fields of biology, and medical diagnostics. This book details several applications of this break-through technique.
One particular component of the need for survivor care is the memory problems and cognitive deficits experienced by some. The condition has been given a name - actually many names, such as chemo fog, chemo brain, and others. This book deals with one aspect of survivor care: chemo fog/'chemo brain'.
Cardiac arrhythmia is a term that denotes a disturbance of the heart rhythm. Cardiac arrhythmias can range in severity from entirely benign to immediately life-threatening. A cardiac arrhythmia, also called cardiac dysrhythmia, is a disturbance in the regular rhythm of the heartbeat. This book presents research in the field.
Dementia is a brain disorder that seriously affects a person's ability to carry out daily activities. This book gathers research from leading scientists throughout the world which offers important information on understanding the underlying causes and discovering the most effective treatments for Alzheimer's Disease.
Signal transduction is any process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another. Processes referred to as signal transduction often involve a sequence of biochemical reactions inside the cell, which are carried out by enzymes and linked through second messengers.
Among the many applications of stem cell research are nervous system diseases, diabetes, heart disease, autoimmune diseases as well as Parkinson's disease. Stem cell research also involves ethical and legal considerations since they involve adult, foetal tissue and embryonic sources. This book presents research in the field, from around the globe.
Helps students and junior researchers to design, implement, and publicize the results of clinical research. This book covers the basic elements of research proposals and implementation including regulatory approvals, continuing regulatory oversight, monitoring patient safety, recruitment, clinical assessments, and laboratory assessments.
Atherosclerosis is a degenerative condition in which arteries build up deposits called plaques (atheromas) which consist of lipids (mainly cholesterol), connective tissue and smooth muscle cells originating from the arterial wall. This work deals with the research on Atherosclerosis.
Tumour angiogenesis starts with cancerous tumour cells releasing molecules that send signals to surrounding normal host tissue. This signalling activates certain genes in the host tissue that, in turn, cause proteins to encourage growth of new blood vessels. This book examines its angiogenesis within the context of theory.
This book addresses the fundamentals of randomized control clinical trials, devoting a chapter to each of the critical areas of a protocol. The new edition is revised and expanded, with the number of examples illustrating the fundamentals considerably increased.
The dendrimer is a common name of polymers which are characterised by a specific structure, although their chemical composition can be very different. Dendrimers display several characteristics which distinguish them from linear polymers. All dendrimers are synthesised by attaching branched monomers to the central core molecule.
Cancer is a group of different diseases characterised by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Cancer can arise in many sites and behave differently depending on its organ of origin. If a cancer spreads, the new tumour bears the same name as the original (primary) tumour. This book presents research from around the world.
DNA methylation is a type of chemical modification of DNA that can be inherited without changing the DNA sequence. It involves the addition of a methyl group to DNA - for example, to the number 5 carbon of the cytosine pyrimidine ring. DNA methylation is probably universal in eukaryotes. This book presents research developments in the field.
The US is well ahead of the rest of the world in the development and application of SB and its principles especially as they pertain to basic medical research and development. This lead is largely due to its earlier start in the academic arena. However, there is evidence of rapid development in both the UK/EU and Japan.
This book covers topics ranging from fundamental aspects of calcium signaling to its clinical implications, in a thoughtful and comprehensive way. Includes discussion of calcium signaling in different mammalian cells, oocytes, Zebrafishes and even in plants.
Although blood transfusion saves lives and reduces the rate of morbidity in many clinical diseases and conditions, it is associated with certain risks. A significant proportion of adverse events may occur as a result of errors in preparation, ordering or administration of blood and blood products. The book contains the research in this field.
Focusing on how best to study bacterial adhesion, this volume helps bridge the communication divide between biologists, chemists and physics researchers and aims at stimulating fresh and groundbreaking research into this essential function of bacteria.
The use of human tissue for medical research and scientific progress raises many ethical and legal challenges. This multi-authored interdisciplinary text provides a fascinating insight into interlinking research perspectives and serves as a comprehensive reference to the state of play ethically and legally in Europe.
This resource details the role played by analytical techniques in clinical research, from fundamental studies to practical applications. Chapters report on the progress made in developing fit-for-purpose instrumentation, and identify continuing challenges for laboratory analytical techniques.
Apoptosis is the regulated form of cell death. It is a complex process defined by a set of characteristic morphological and biochemical features that involves the active participation of affected cells in a self-destruction cascade. This book presents research from around the world.
Describes how several of the important pore forming toxin families achieve membrane binding and which structural elements are used for formation of transmembrane pores. This book provides the means for a comparative analysis of several unrelated families.
Apoptosis is the regulated form of cell death. It is a complex process defined by a set of characteristic morphological and biochemical features that involves the active participation of affected cells in a self-destruction cascade. This book deals with cell apoptosis regulation and environmental factors.
Apoptosis is the regulated form of cell death. Apoptosis is also the regulatory mechanism involved in the removal of unnecessary cells during development and in tissue homeostasis in a wide range of organisms from insects to mammals. This book presents research in this related field.
Helps researchers to plan, carry out, and analyse health research, and evaluate the quality of research studies. This book is suitable for researchers and postgraduate students taking masters courses, or undertaking doctoral programmes, in health services evaluation, health sciences, health management, public health, nursing, and sociology.
The Common Rule (45 CFR 46, Subpart A) governs research that is conducted on human beings if it is funded by one of 18 federal agencies. This book provides a review of the proposed research by an Institutional Review Board (IRB), the informed consent of research subjects, and the institutional assurances of compliance with the regulations.
Provides a comprehensive approach to biological microarrays that conveys not only the fundamentals, but also includes applications of the methods. This title addresses both the application of biological microarrays, including DNA/RNA, apatmer, proteins, tissues, oligonucleotides, carbohydrates, biomaterials, cells, bacteria, and virus microarrays.
An introduction to research methodology. It contains conceptual and non-technical descriptions of the methods used by researchers in medical experimentation. It features sections on clinical research methods, action research, Web resources, and various scenarios.
For most biomedical researchers and academics, preparing conference abstracts and posters is an important part of professional life. This book aims to answer the most frequent questions, and to help you avoid the most common problems and pitfalls. It offers a range of tips relevant to the abstract or poster you are preparing.
An introductory guide to clinical research, written specifically for junior doctors by a team of highly experienced authors. This practical book covers all areas that a junior doctor will need to consider, including funding, study design, ethics, data analysis, disseminating findings, and furthering one's research career.
Focuses on the practical clinical and statistical issues that arise in pharmaceutical industry trials. This book explains the difference in DMC operations between the pharmaceutical industry and National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored trials. It also how physicians think differently about safety data than statisticians.
This book derives from the NUTRA-SNACKS project. One of the project's chief aims, reflected in this book, is to improve the properties of ready-to-eat products and semi-prepared foodstuffs through better monitoring of the quality and safety of raw materials.
This book presents a comprehensive overview of the field of biobanks and human tissue research, including ethical and legal challenges, regulatory issues, the rights of donors and patients, and examples and recommendations for the future of tissue research.
A practical guide to planning, tabulating, formulating, and implementing clinical research. It incorporates research methodology - including molecular and genetic clinical research - and offers syllabus for conducting a clinical research workshop. It emphasises on common sense as the main ingredient of good science.
Contains portraits of more than seventy women who are living with the aftermath of breast cancer. This book features breast-cancer survivors who step out of the shadows and speak compellingly about their 'real' stories, giving voice to the complicated, often painful realities of life after the cure.
Provides the necessary information on how to read and understand medical research publications critically and to decide whether the contents of such publications are clinically useful in the care of patients. Illustrated examples, this text covers various aspects of study design and clinical audit to give a framework for critical reading.
Focuses on stem cell research and regenerative medicine. This book features the developments in this area and encompassing various fields of stem cell research and regenerative medicine, emphasises adult neurogenesis and neural stem cell research and therapy.
Offers an overview for health students and health professionals embarking on an applied research project using a qualitative approach. This book provides insights into the ideas and arguments underpinning different qualitative methods, and highlights the links between theory and practice.
Offers an overview for health students and health professionals embarking on an applied research project using a qualitative approach. This book provides insights into the ideas and arguments underpinning different qualitative methods, and highlights the links between theory and practice.
Brings together fifteen Nobel Prize-winning discoveries that have the impact upon medical science and the practice of medicine during the 20th century. This title is suitable for those who are involved in or contemplating a career in medical research.
Brings together fifteen Nobel Prize-winning discoveries that have the impact upon medical science and the practice of medicine during the 20th century. This title is suitable for those who are involved in or contemplating a career in medical research.
Stem cells are self-renewing, unspecialised cells that can give rise to multiple types of specialised cells of the body. Stem cell research also involves complex ethical and legal considerations since they involve adult, foetal tissue and embryonic sources. This book presents research in this field.
Explains classical statistical analysis of clinical trials. This book addresses relatively novel issues, including equivalence testing, interim analysis, sequential analysis, meta-analysis, and provides a framework of the best statistical methods available for such purpose. It is suitable for investigators in the field of clinical trials.
Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed drugs in the world, most commonly from the beverages coffee, tea and soda. An estimated 80 percent of the world's population consumes a caffeine-containing substance daily. This book presents research in this field.
Describes the pathology found in drug safety studies in laboratory animals with an evidence-based discussion of the relevance of these findings to the clinical investigation of new drugs for humans. This reference is suitable for those involved in drug safety evaluation, including pathologists, toxicologists, and pharmacologists.
Vitamin A is a generic term for a large number of related compounds. Retinol (an alcohol) and retinal (an aldehyde) are often referred to as preformed vitamin A. Retinal can be converted by the body to retinoic acid, the form of vitamin A known to affect gene transcription. This book presents important research in the related field.
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists in eight different forms. Each form has its own biological activity, which is the measure of potency or functional use in the body. Alpha-tocopherol (-tocopherol) is the name of the most active form of vitamin E in humans. This book presents leading research on this important topic.
Presents an alternative to the dominant methods used in the field of healthcare, challenging the limited epistemological and ontological assumptions of most research methodologies. Using examples and case studies, this book demonstrates how it is possible to do rigorous research which is relevant to practice.
Designed for the first course in research methods, this text shows students how to conduct and read research, design research tools, and evaluate results in health, kinesiology, exercise science, recreation, dance, and other areas of human performance. It also provides comprehensive coverage of quantitative and qualitative research methods.
Survival analysis is an active field and many advances have emerged over the years. This book presents modelling techniques in survival data analysis, including developments in model checking, parametric models, time-dependent variables, and interval censored data. It focuses on the software sections on SAS.
This book examines the different aspects related to the design and elaboration of cell-enclosing microcapsules, even the regulatory features and clinical trials under development. These improvements will lead to progression in this therapeutic approach.
Hepatitis B is a disease of the liver caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a member of the Hepadnavirus family and one of several unrelated viral species which cause viral hepatitis. It was originally known as "serum hepatitis" and has caused epidemics in parts of Asia and Africa. This book presents the advances in the field.
Human Myoblast Genome Therapy (HMGT) is a platform technology of cell transplantation, nuclear transfer, and tissue engineering. Myoblasts are differentiated, immature cells destined to become muscles. Myoblasts cultured from muscle biopsy survive, develop and function to revitalise degenerative muscles upon transplantation.
Ultrasound Imaging presents recent advances in the field, discussing several organs and techniques from a Biomedical Engineering (BME) perspective. The text focuses on algorithms, methodologies and systems developed by multidisciplinary research teams of engineers and physicians.
Focuses on the role of proteases in virus function and their potential as anti-viral targets. This book discusses viral proteases of the most important pathogenic viruses, responsible for severe diseases: AIDS, SARS, Hepatitis, Cytomegalovirus, T-cell lymphotropic virus, and Picornavirus.
Cardiac arrhythmia is a term that denotes a disturbance of the heart rhythm. Cardiac arrhythmias can range in severity from entirely benign to immediately life-threatening. Several forms of cardiac arrhythmia are life-threatening and a medical emergency. This book presents research in the field including a commentary on collateral damage.
Pluripotent cells of the early embryo originate all types of somatic cells and germ cells of adult organism. This book examines the fundamental mechanisms which regulate normal development of pluripotent cells into different lineages and are disrupted in cancer initiating cells.