Introduces beginning university students of English to the study of English linguistics. This title includes a discussion of the differences between British and North American English, and explains the differences in the two traditions of phonetic transcription.
Presents the basic goals and tools of syntactic analysis. This book's framework is theory-neutral, presenting a scientific introduction to the field and to synchronic description. It examines variation and change, syntactic typology, language acquisition, and possible explanations from structural, evolutionary and functional perspectives.
Provides an introduction to syntactic theory. This book includes theories such as transformational generative grammar, relational grammar, word grammar, functional grammar, and optimality theory. It also includes chapter summaries, suggestions for further reading, exercises, a glossary of terms, and an appendix for analysis or reference.
This book presents one of the first attempts at developing a precise, grammatically rooted, theory of conversation motivated by data from real conversations. It argues that the right way to construe grammar is as a system that characterizes types of talk in interaction.
Deals with adjectival suffixes in English. This book analyses the formation of adjective pairs that share a single root but end in different suffixes. Theoretically, it adopts cognitive semantics and attempts to substantiate some of its tenets. It attempts to identify the distinctive collocates associated with the members of an adjective pair.
Offers a critical appraisal of a major component of the 'standard' version of SFL, that is, the account given by Halliday and Matthiessen of tense and aspect in English. This book suggests that this account fails in several ways to satisfy accepted functionalist criteria, and hence needs revising and extending.
This successful textbook gives students a thorough grounding in the basics of sentence structure and acquaints them with the essentials of syntactic argument. Now updated and expanded, the third edition features an additional chapter on grammatical indeterminacy, a case study on subordinating conjunctions and prepositions, and new exercises.
Offers a critical appraisal of a major component of the 'standard' version of SFL, that is, the account given by Halliday and Matthiessen of tense and aspect in English. This book suggests that this account fails in several ways to satisfy accepted functionalist criteria, and hence needs revising and extending.
Offers a detailed survey of the Chinese language. This eighth volume approaches the Chinese language from several interesting vantage points, ranging from studies of medieval to modern grammar, phonology, and discourse. It also includes a CD-ROM with extracts from the book as well as the original Chinese text.
This volume provides a comprehensive view of the current issues in contemporary syntactic theory. Written by an international assembly of leading specialists in the field, the 23 original articles in this volume serve as a comprehensive and useful reference for various areas of grammar.
Shows that every language has an adjective class and how such classes vary. This book throws light on the nature and classification of adjectives. It also considers the nature and typology of adjective classes. Thirteen scholars report original research on languages from North, Central and South America, Europe, Africa, Asia and the Pacific.
Covers the grammar of clitics from almost all points of view, including their phonology, morphology, and syntax. This book deals with the relation of second position clitics to verb-second phenomena in Germanic and other languages, the grammar of contracted auxiliary verbs in English, noun incorporation constructions, and other topics in grammar.
Deals with the formal expression of the range and limits of ergativity. This book contains articles that apply theoretical tools to the area of ergativity, and then explore the issues that emerge. It investigates languages such as Basque, Georgian, and Hindi.
Provides an introduction to information structure and discusses a range of phenomena on the syntax-information structure interface. This book examines whether information structure maps onto syntax, and if so how. It covers such topics as architectures of grammar, word order, the lexicon and information structure interface, and cognitive aspects.
Covert Modality is modality which we interpret but which is not associated with any lexical item in the structure that we are interpreting. This book investigates the distribution and interpretation of Covert Modality. It analyzes a class of environments that involves covert modality, such as infinitival questions and infinitival relative clauses.
Aims to put the study of English sentences into the perspective provided by the broad essentials of functionalism. This book starts from the premise that the structure of language reflects the structure of events in everyday experience. It is also concerned with the argument structure of clauses, and the boundary markers of clause combinations.
Aims to put the study of English sentences into the perspective provided by the broad essentials of functionalism. This book starts from the premise that the structure of language reflects the structure of events in everyday experience. It is also concerned with the argument structure of clauses, and the boundary markers of clause combinations.
Shows how quantitative methods and statistical techniques can supplement qualitative analyses of language. This book presents some mathematical and statistical properties of natural languages, and introduces some of the quantitative methods which are of the most value in working empirically with texts and corpora.
This book is about the nature of morphology and its place in the structure of grammar. Drawing on a wide range of aspects of Romance inflectional morphology, leading scholars present detailed arguments for the autonomy of morphology, ie morphology has phenomena and mechanisms of its own that are not reducible to syntax or phonology.
Groups the particles that are similar in function, defining them, giving samples of usage, and pointing out differences. Each section is followed by exercises, so that students can test and confirm their knowledge. Thus, the student can easily access shared usage particles and understand their separate nuances.
Explores the consequences for language acquisition, language evolution, and linguistic theory of taking the underlying architecture of the language faculty to be that of a complex adaptive dynamical system. It contains the first results of a complex model of language acquisition to measure how far language input is reflected in language output.
With text in Italian and in a combined functional and textual perspective with focus on contrastive aspect, the present study defines textual information density by the following three parameters and presents an analytical model to compare the information density of different texts. As empiric material the interlinguistic Mr Bean-corpus is used.
Objects of Metaphor puts forward a philosophical account of metaphor different from those currently on offer. It offers novel conceptions of the relationship between simile and metaphor, the notion of dead metaphor, and the idea of metaphor as a robust theoretic kind.
Provides an introduction to functional grammar, while offering material on strengthening the grammar through the use of data from a large-scale corpus. This book focuses on the systemic perspective, in which grammaticalization is understood in the context of an overall model of language.
Now fully revised in line with the latest research, each chapter includes a summary, suggestions for further reading, and exercises. As such this is the ideal book for both beginning students of linguistics, or anyone in a related discipline looking for a first introduction to morphology.
Compound words offer opportunities for investigating key aspects of the mental operations involved in language. This book presents work on the psycholinguistics and neurolinguistics of compound words and shows the insights it offers on natural language processing and the relation between language, mind, and memory.
Introduces, analyzes and critiques the main areas of debate within the field of syntax. This book analyzes the major themes in syntactic research, focusing on overlooked non-generative theories and the adoption of the same concepts across different models of grammar. It also analyzes the difference between spoken and written syntax.
Demonstrates a link between how languages are used and the conventions of their grammars. This book sets out a theory in which performance shapes grammars and accounts for the variation patterns found in the world's languages. It is of interest to researchers in linguistics, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics and cognitive science.
Presents a survey of image-schema theory, and offers a collection of essays on major issues in research on image-schemas. This book is useful to linguists of a cognitive orientation, philosophers, psychologists, and anthropologists interested in language, and to those studying the embodied mind.
Contains seventeen papers on microvariation in syntactic doubling. This work provides an overview of the syntactic doubling phenomena attested and of the theoretical analyses available. It discusses the syntactic doubling phenomena including, among others, subject pronoun doubling, WH pronoun doubling, clitic doubling and auxiliary doubling.
Presents the principles of a Hallidayan approach to language studies and introduces, in an explanatory way, a set of techniques for the grammatical analysis of English. This book includes an overview of the applications of functional grammar to show the practical importance of linguistic theory and analysis in relation to issues in education.
Focuses on describing those features in the English language that may contribute towards the creation of structural ambiguities. This book utilizes a comprehensive inventory approach that identifies individual elements in the language and their distinctive behaviours, and how they can be manipulated in the creation of structural ambiguities.
Explores the variety of types of complementation found across the languages of the world, their grammatical properties, and meanings. This book is useful to scholars of typology, language universals, syntax, information structure, and language contact in departments of linguistics and anthropology, as well as to advanced and graduate students.
Explains the relevant terms which students of linguistics and English language are likely to encounter during their undergraduate study. This book includes definitions of key terms within syntax and syntactic theory, as well as outlines of the work of key thinkers in the field, including Noam Chomsky, M A K Halliday, and Lucien Tesniere.
Presents a collection of papers in phonology and syntax on the topic of ineffability, or absolute ungrammaticality. These papers contribute analyses of carefully presented cases. The theoretical context for the papers is the analytical challenge which these cases present for Optimality Theory.
Part of the "Oxford Studies in Comparative Syntax" series, this volume is a study of co-ordination, i.e. structures with conjunctions such as "and", but, and "or", arguing that these are important words in their constructions, rather than being unimportant and superfluous.
Exploring the difference between words and structures, this volume sets out to demonstrate, that the explanation of linguistic competence should be shifted from lexical entry to syntactic structure and from memory of words to manipulation of rules. It departs from both language specific constructional approaches and lexicalist approaches.
Bridges the gap between traditional and functional grammar. Starting with a traditional approach, this title helps students develop a firm grasp of traditional tools for analysis and learn how SFG (Systemic Functional grammar) can be used to enrich the traditional formal approach. It is suitable for upper undergraduate and postgraduate students.
This Handbook provides a comprehensive account of current research on case and the morphological and syntactic phenomena associated with it. Scholars from all over the world provide overviews of current theoretical, typological, diachronic, and psycholinguistic research and assess cross-linguistic work on case and case-systems.
Is teaching grammar an uphill struggle? Do you find teaching complex sentences or comma use a daunting prospect? Focusing on what you need to know in the classroom, this title provides you with the essential knowledge and tools you may need to teach grammar effectively. It is suitable for busy, newly qualified, and practising teachers.
The trusted combination reference grammar and manual of current usage is paired at a discount with the popular workbook which provides imaginative and accessible exercises. Together, they help undergraduate students of French develop a deep, practical awareness of the language.
For nearly half a century, Professor M. A. K. Halliday has been enriching the discipline of linguistics with his keen insights into the social semiotic phenomenon we call language. This ten volume series presents the seminal works of Professor Halliday.
Covers not only how language is structured, but also how it functions both socially and culturally, and how it is acquired and processed by speakers. It will prepare students to go on to more advanced work and, at the same time, will serve as a basic reference that students can continue to consult throughout their studies.
Shows how grammatical relations are characterized in competing theories of grammar and reveals the different theories' merits and limitations. This work compares mainstream generative-transformational theory with formalist and functionalist approaches, showing points of convergence and divergence.
In this book Juan Uriagereka explores important consequences of the multiple spell-out hypothesis and of the linked notion of cyclicity. He combines the latest thinking in linguistics with perspectives drawn from physics, biology, and animal behaviour.
'Grammar and Writing' explains grammatical terms in an accessible manner, through close attention to the way language is used in specific extracts from literary and non-literary writing. It is designed to be used by writers of all kinds who want to improve their knowledge of language in order to develop and improve their writing skills.
In this book Juan Uriagereka explores important consequences of the multiple spell-out hypothesis and of the linked notion of cyclicity. He combines the latest thinking in linguistics with perspectives drawn from physics, biology, and animal behaviour.
Jim Miller and Regina Weinert examine the types of clauses used by people when they are speaking off the cuff. They also analyse the devices speakers use when organizing larger chunks of language, such as conversations. They argue that there are major and systematic differences between spoken and written language.
This book is a lively introduction to the study of language by the renowned linguist, David Nunan. Drawing on a wide range of anecdotes, Nunan offers a thought-provoking way in to the basics of language study. The book is framed by accessible features including questions, further reading and a glossary of linguistic terminology and key linguists.
Punctuation can make all the difference between a good piece of writing and a superb piece of writing. This guide deals with each punctuation mark: from the punchiness of the full stop to the unacknowledged flexibility of the question mark, and the manifold powers of punctuation.
Contains sixteen contributions by fellow linguists that include papers on the English progressive; predication and the nominal clause; the use of mood and modal verbs in Italian and Danish; some Norwegian discourse particles and their English correspondences; and, tendencies in the syntax of the verb in American and British English.
Written in Spanish, this study contributes to the understanding of synchronic and diachronic aspects of the grammatical relation of the indirect object in Spanish. as it appears on the Iberian Peninsula as well as in Latin America. All kinds of genres are being studied.
When you just need to know whether to use 'practice' or 'practise', you don't want to be enmeshed in past participles, pluperfects or prepositional phrases - only to find that you don't understand the definition anyway. This book is about learning how to use English correctly. It shows you what to do, when and why - so you can avoid the pitfalls.
In this work, Yan Huang provides an extensive and accessible overview of the major contemporary issues surrounding anaphora and gives a critical survey of the many and diverse contemporary approaches to it. He also provides a full cross-linguistic account of anaphora. Data is drawn from around 450 of the world's languages.
What is Morphology? is a concise and critical introduction to the central ideas of morphology, which has been revised and expanded to include additional material on morphological productivity and the mental lexicon, experimental and computational methods, and new teaching material.
In this book, Yan Huang provides an overview of the major contemporary issues surrounding anaphora and gives a critical survey of the many and diverse contemporary approaches to it. Dr Huang's survey and analysis are based on a rich collection of data drawn from around 450 of the world's languages.
This book describes the historical emergence and spread of the to-infinitive in English. The exposition is clear and does not assume an up-to-date knowledge of generative theory. The book will appeal to the wide spectrum of scholars interested in the transformation of Old to Middle English as well as to those studying the processes and causes of syntactic change more generally.
This grammar and writing reference is written for English composition and language and high-level ESL students. It offers practical advice on the best ways to write and revise essays, with examples from contemporary writers. Bulleted lists begin each chapter, providing a reference.
Though the construction is rare in English, the use of serial verbs is common in many languages. This book shows what serial verbs are, where they are found (particularly in the Oceanic languages of the Pacific), and how current theory accounts for them. The author argues that their formation is a consequence of contact between different languages.
Presents a national study of Canadian educators' perspectives and practices of multicultural and anti-racism education. This book explores teachers' perspectives on race and ethno-cultural equity, and offers solutions for some of the social justice and diversity issues facing educators in contemporary Canadian schools and society.
The Dane C W Smith was one of the first professors of Slavic philology. His Polish Grammar from 1845 was at the time regarded as the best and was a mark of particular interest in the Polish language. This book contains a collection of letters from the correspondence between C W Smith and his Polish friends.
Useful for language learning, this title gives clear explanations of almost all the key points of Latin grammar. It also includes additional features, such as a glossary of grammatical terms, a vocabulary list covering all the Latin words found in the main text, study tips, and notes on Roman dates, money, weights and measures, and names.
Proposes a holistic theory of the relation between the sounds, structure, and meaning of language and their relation to mind and brain. This work aims to offer fundamental thinking in linguistics since Noam Chomsky's "Aspects of the Theory of Syntax" in 1965. It also provides insights on the evolution of language, thought, and communication.
Presenting an analysis of French grammar using the Hallidayan approach, this title looks at what constitutes language, and how it is used in life. This grammar has been developed as a resource for discourse analysis, and for understanding how French grammar makes meaning in different textual and contextual environments.
Presents one-sentence examples of writing mistakes which provide teachers with what are often called daily oral language exercises that help students master the basics of capitalisation, mechanics, punctuation, and usage. This book contains exercises that includes an at-a-glance summary of skills addressed.
Presents an introduction to the major issues in Principles and Parameters syntactic theory, including phrase structure, the lexicon, case theory, movement, and locality conditions. This title includes chapters on advanced topics including vP shells, object shells, control, gapping and ellipsis and on advanced topics in binding.
This new edition of a successful text has been thoroughly revised to make it even more accessible to those without any prior grammatical knowledge. There is greater discussion and exemplification of key terms, while essential topics are now fully introduced at the outset. There are also new sections, more diagrams and shaded boxes.
This is the fullest account ever published of Latin suffixes in English. It explores the rich variety of English words formed by the addition of one or more Latin suffixes, such as -ial, -able, -ability, -ible, and -id. It traces the histories of over 3, 000 words, revealing the range of derivational patterns in Indo-European, Latin, and English.
Contains a selection of papers that were read at the conference entitled Cognitive Approaches to English, an international event organized to mark the 30th anniversary of English studies at the Faculty of Philosophy (Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Osijek), which was held in Osijek on October 18-19, 2007.
This alphabetic guide introduces terms used in the study of linguistic morphology, the study of the structure of words. The importance of morphology has been more clearly recognised in recent linguistic theory, and this glossary thus covers an area of growing interest.
Almost all languages have some ways of categorizing nouns. This book provides an analysis of noun categorization devices all over the world. It is for typologists, those working in the fields of morphosyntactic variation and lexical semantics, as well as anthropologists and all other scholars interested in the mechanisms of human cognition.
In this volume Silvio Cruschina uses a comparative analysis to determine the syntax of the functional projections associated with discourse-related features, and to account for the marked word orders found in Romance-particularly in the fronting phenomena.
This manual outlines a framework for the analysis of syntactic grammar from a perspective of a systemic functional grammar. With examples throughout, it provides a brief overview of systemic grammar, considers formal units and their classes, and covers the role of units as elements of structure.
Presents a study of various important aspects of Tamazight Berber syntax within the generative tradition. The author looks at three seemingly disparate ranges of syntactic phenomena, namely Subject-verb agreement, Clitic-doubling, and Negative Concord.
Presents a series of fresh perspectives on patterns and developments in English grammar from a constructional perspective. This book provides a critical assessment of the role of constructions in key areas of grammatical theory, from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives.
This comprehensive review and critical synthesis of research on modality focuses on formal theories within linguistics and related aspects of philosophical logic. It will be welcomed by students of linguistics at graduate level and above, as well as by researchers in philosophy, computational science, and related fields.
A semantic/syntactic study of the Italian nominal system with reference to the use of articles, including the use of the zero article in the non-determined noun phrase. It proposes a parallel distinction for the noun phrase, motivated by the fact that non-determined noun phrases in Italian normally only expresses the abstract concept of category.
A monograph that examines where the conditions of binding theory apply and in doing so considers the nature of phrase structure (in particular how case and theta roles apply) and the nature of the lexical/functional split. It examines Chomsky's conjecture that all conditions apply at the interfaces, in particular LF (or Logical Form).
A guide to the most common errors in English. It is an opinionated take on the parlous state of the English language, the author's fictional friend "The Grouchy Grammarian" examines forty seven of the most common mistakes in English from apostrophe atrocities to the lie/lay conundrum.
This title demonstrates the pivotal position of historical syntax within the larger domain of research into the nature, use, and acquisition of language. It shows how current work in historical syntax is responsive to theoretical advances in linguistic theory, language acquisition, sociolinguistics, and theories of language use.
This book explores the nature and scope of modality in Japanese. It contains a review of the history of Japanese modality studies, as well as theoretical and empirical research and is the first collection of studies on Japanese modality written in English and offers a stimulating contrast to existing studies on Western languages.
First published in 1955, this is a comprehensive, compact and concise guide to the syntax of Attic Greek as written by Thucydides, Xenophon, Plato and Demosthenes. It is suitable for anyone who wishes to write Greek prose or read Attic prose authors with fluency.
Offers quizzes to check student progress, writing ideas, and a guide to Internet activities, including Stupid Roadside Attractions, in which students research tourist traps in America and use adjectives to describe the six that they think are the stupidest.
Provides a cross-linguistic typological study of how languages deal with the marking of information source. This book is of interest to anthropologists, cognitive psychologists and philosophers, as well as linguists. Examples are drawn from more than 500 languages from all over the world, several of them based on the author's fieldwork.
Scholars have often been puzzled by the fact that the basic word-order rule of Welsh seems to have changed twice in the last 1000 years. David Willis explores how and why these changes have taken place. He examines the relationship between the literary and spoken language throughout the history of Welsh and more.
Clear, practical and accessible, Syntactic Theory introduces students to theory building and evaluation through Government-Binding Theory. Now fully updated, this second edition features new chapters on the Minimalist Program, expanded chapters on Phrase Structure and Functional Categories and extensively revised end-of-chapter exercises.
Negation is a central feature of language and cognition, interacting with all areas of grammar as well as with the philosophy of language. The exploration of negation and negative polarity phenomena and their implications for linguistic theory are the main themes of this work.
Presenting an introduction to syntax, this work is designed for undergraduates and for those coming to linguistics for the first time as graduates, including students in computational science, artificial intelligence, and psychology. It emphasizes the importance of cross-linguistic evidence in the development of syntactic arguments.
Halliday's Introduction to Functional Grammar, Fourth Edition, is the standard reference text for systemic functional linguistics and an ideal introduction for you, whether you are an undergraduate or postgraduate interested in the relation between grammar, meaning and discourse.
Deals with the issue of recursion from a variety of angles. This work covers formal issues regarding the proper characterization or definition of recursion. It also focuses on empirical issues by examining the kinds of structure in languages that suggest recursive mechanism in the grammar.
This lucid and authoritative introduction to Cognitive Grammar presents the theory and its rationale in careful, systematic detail. Its application to central domains of language structure makes a compelling case that grammar is inherently meaningful. The book holds great interest for linguists, linguistics students, and professionals.
Focusing on the languages and linguistics of Africa, this text covers the major themes dealt with in university courses. Topics include general descriptions of African languages, the nature of languages in contact and competition, language in education and the need for government intervention.
A user-friendly guide to punctuation which gives step-by-step explanations in readable English. It covers the basics, including sentences and full stops, commas, apostrophes, colons and semi-colons, brackets, hyphens, question marks, inverted commas and paragraphs. It is written for people who work in business or education.
This book addresses recent developments in the study of quantifier phrases, nominalizations, and the linking definite determiner. It presents challenging ideas at the syntax-morphology, syntax-semantics, and lexicon-morphology interfaces and advances understanding of how quantification, definiteness, and nominalizations are encoded in grammar.
An introduction to Japanese linguistics, which is designed to introduce students to the areas of Japanese linguistics. This book contains chapters, which contains an explanation of the key concepts of the subject, followed by activities, which are designed to promote the students' active understanding of the forms and functions of the language.
Auxiliation describes the process by which auxiliary verbs develop from lexical verbs meaning exist, possess, hold, etc. This book is to make contributions to an explanatory theory of auxiliation, to the study of language change, and to the understanding of linguistic communication.