Follows in the footsteps of some of the greatest of the Spanish adventurers travelling from the forests of Amazonia to Lake Titicaca, the deserts of North Mexico, the snowpeaks of the Andes and the heights of Machu Picchu. This work explores the turbulent and terrifying events surrounding the Spanish conquest of the Aztec and Inca empires.
During the era of revolution and emancipation in the north Atlantic, 'slavery' and 'freedom' were fluid and contested concepts. In this collection the authors introduce the voices of slaves, slave-holders, legislators, and others, who struggled to critique, overturn, justify, or simply describe the social order in which they found themselves.
This volume provides critical, original documents revealing the character of American discourse on the nature and importance of local government, the purposes of federal union, and the role of religion and tradition in forming America's drive for liberty.
This volume provides critical, original documents revealing the character of American discourse on the nature and importance of local government, the purposes of federal union, and the role of religion and tradition in forming America's drive for liberty.
The focus of this study is the 1787-88 campaign to ratify the United States Constitution. The work uses both historical and rational choice analysis to examine the rhetoric and strategic manipulations used in this campaign. It outlines patterns and principles applicable to most political campaigns.
On 2 November, 1698, a fleet landed in the Isthmus of Darien to create a colony and launch a new Scottish trading empire. The venture failed dramatically, with a catastrophic loss of life and money, and led to the eventual end of Scottish independence and the beginning of the UK.
Based upon the diary of one of General George Washington's staff officers, this title recounts the seemingly impossible transport of fifty-nine cannons, three hundred miles over land and water from Ft Ticonderoga to Boston in the dead of winter 1776.
Presents the story of the year of the birth of the United States of America. This book tells two stories: how a group of squabbling, disparate colonies became the United States, and how the British Empire tried to stop them. It features a cast of amazing characters from George III to George Washington, to soldiers and their families.
Tells the story of the Highland Scots who sailed to Pictou, Nova Scotia, in 1773. These intrepid emigrants went for many reasons: the famine of the previous spring, pressures of population growth, intolerable rent increases, trouble with the law, and the raw hunger of landless men to own land of their own.
By 1781, the sixth year of the American rebellion, British strategic focus had shifted from the northern states to concentrate in the south. Canada's governor, Frederick Haldimand, was responsible for the defence of the Crown's largest colony against the threat of Franco-American invasion, while assisting overall British strategy.
A Pulitzer-winning study of the intertwined lives of the founders of America: Adams, Burr, Franklin, Hamilton, Jefferson, Madison and Washington. It argues that the checks and balances permitting the infant republic to endure were primarily rooted in the interaction of leaders with diverse values.
Two series of letters described as 'the wellsprings of nearly all ensuing debate on the limits of governmental power in the United States' address the range of issues provoked by the crisis of British policies in North America out of which a new nation emerged from an overreaching empire.
After Christopher Columbus, Bartolome de las Casas is the single most important figure in the period of the Encounter, a time of conflict between Europeans and the people of the Americas following Columbus's voyages. Here Clayton provides a history of the age as told through the life of Las Casas.
After Christopher Columbus, Bartolome de las Casas is the single most important figure in the period of the Encounter, a time of conflict between Europeans and the people of the Americas following Columbus's voyages. Here Clayton provides a history of the age as told through the life of Las Casas.
The preeminent figure of early New England, John Winthrop was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. More than anyone else, he shaped the culture of New England and his effort to create a Puritan 'City on a Hill' has had a lasting effect on American values. This work presents his portrait, of one of the giants of our history.
John Winthrop (1588-1649) was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and is generally considered the principal architect of early New England society. This book discusses Winthrop's family life and the challenges of life faced by men, women, and children in the seventeenth century by placing his life in the context of the times.
Written over a seven-year period to Charles V of Spain, Hernan Cortes's letters provide a narrative account of the conquest of Mexico from the founding of the coastal town of Veracruz until Cortes's journey to Honduras in 1525. The two introductions set the letters in context.
Two series of letters described as 'the wellsprings of nearly all ensuing debate on the limits of governmental power in the United States' address the range of issues provoked by the crisis of British policies in North America out of which a new nation emerged from an overreaching empire.
Sailing the tide of a tumultuous era of Atlantic revolutions, a remarkable group of African-born and African-descended individuals transformed themselves from slaves into active agents of their lives and times. This title alters our vision of the breadth and extent of the Age of Revolution, and our understanding of its actors.
Illustrates how America's leaders asserted power during the crucial years from George Washington's first inauguration to the bitterly disputed election of 1800. This title provides insight into the nation's early history and the debates, passions, and conflicts over foreign and domestic challenges that shaped it.
'Soldiers, Sugar, and Seapower' examines the politics, economics, administration, and execution of the expeditions to the West Indies which were mounted by the British against the French during the Revolutionary Wars. The author sets these expeditions in their proper place as one of the most difficult and dangerous wars in British history.
An introduction to the violent conflict between the Old World and the New in the Plains Wars of 1757-1900. It explains the causes, modes of fighting and outcome of the wars for both Americans and Indians, and the long-term effects of these bitter wars, the legacy of which can still be felt today.
Set on the 1777 campaign of the American Revolution, this book follows the saga from Cornwallis' triumphal march of his British and Hessian troops into Philadelphia in late September to Washington's movement of the weary Continental forces to camp at Valley Forge in December.
A finalist for the Pulitzer Prize, this updated version offers an unsurpassed history of the Revolutionary War and captures the profound and passionate struggle to found a free nation. Middlekauff undertakes the difficult task of separating the real from the mythic with great success.
During the forty years of the Dutch presence, their intrusion led to the betrayal of their own values and the betrayal of the indigenous peoples. They reaped the shame of reproaching themselves for unjust wars and faced a native insurgency that they could neither negotiate nor satisfactorily quell.
Charts the progress of Scottish settlement throughout Upper Canada. This book. It gives details of the 550 ships, which made over 900 crossings and carried almost 100, 000 emigrant Scots. It also describes the enterprise and independence shown by the pioneers.
The first Native Americans who came into contact with the 17th century English settlers were the tribes of the North Atlantic coast and the interior of New England. Featuring colour illustrations and photographs, this book tells the story of New England's Native Americans.
Adams, with Franklin and Jefferson, formed a joint commission to conclude commercial treaties with the nations of Europe and North Africa. As minister to the Netherlands he raised a new Dutch loan to save America from financial ruin. For the first time since 1778, Adams was no longer engaged in "militia diplomacy."
For many people, Benjamin Franklin remains a puzzling figure in American history. This book tells Franklin's absorbing life story. It not only gives a portrait of an extraordinary man, but also provides a glimpse into the forces that shaped the birth of a new nation.
Covers a range of frontier existence, from daily life and survival to wars, exploits, and even flora and fauna. The pioneers and their lives are profiled in biographical sketches, giving a sampling of the personalities involved in the United States' westward expansion.
Introduces the two groups of founders of America - the Planting Fathers, who established the earliest settlements along essentially Christian lines, and the Founding Fathers, who unified the colonies with the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution - and argues that the new nation was the freemason's first step towards a new world order.
Covering the scientific, commercial, and foreign-relations implications of the northern fur trade, this book provides an insight into the relationship between the Western powers and the Native Americans who provided them with fur, ivory, and whalebone in exchange for manufactured goods, tobacco, tea, alcohol, and hundreds of other things.
Eighty per cent of Americans have no British ancestors. According to David Hackett Fischer, however, their day-to-day lives are profoundly influenced by folkways transplanted from Britain to the New World with the first settlers. This text examines the transfer of values from Old World to New.
A fascinating survey of a key period of economic, migratory and cultural exchange between Scotland and North America, including Canada and the Caribbean. Murdoch explores Scottish interactions with North America in a desire to open up new perspectives on the subject.
Creighton examines the trading system that developed along the St. Lawrence River and argues that the exploitation of key staple products by colonial merchants along the St. Lawrence River system was key to Canadas economic and national development.
Gives an original account of the Mayflower project and the first decade of the Plymouth Colony. From mercantile London and the rural England of Queen Elizabeth and King James to the mountains and rivers of Maine, this title weaves a narrative which combines religion, politics, money, science and the sea.
In the fifth year of the War of Independence, the Canadian Department waged a decisive campaign against the northern frontier of New York. Their primary target was the Mohawk River region, known to be the 'grainbowl' that fed Washington's armies. This book details the actions of both sides in this exciting and effective British campaign.
Presents two linked themes: the grinding down of the aborigines during the long rivalries of the foolish El Dorado quest; and then two hundred years later, in the man-made wilderness, the man-made horror of the new slave colony. This book takes us as close as we can get to day-to-day life in the slave colony of the Caribbean plantations.
In September 1755, the most famous Indian in the world - a Mohawk leader known in English as King Hendrick - died in the Battle of Lake George. He was fighting the French in defense of British claims to North America, and his death marked the end of an era in Anglo-Iroquois relations.
When Pizarro arrived in Peru in 1532 he found a vast empire rich in gold and silver. Ruled by monarchs claiming descent from the sun, its people built roads, bridges and fields through the Andes. But within months the empire had been conquered and its subjects killed or enslaved.
David Humphreys' biography of Israel Putnam was originally published in 1788. All the episodes of the Revolution are retold - Bunker Hill, the Battle of White Plains, the crossing of the Delaware, the Battle of Princeton - but from the perspective of one who was there throughout.
Uses pictures and"ations, from the founding period of the US, to discuss the idea of liberty as it was understood by the revolutionary generation, and how the concern for the preservation of liberty culminated in the writing of the Constitution in 1787. This DVD introduces the viewer to what 18th century America looked like.
Franklin mastered one of the greatest challenges of his diplomatic career by establishing the framework for a peace agreement with Great Britain. This volume, encompassing five months during 1782, and one of the most significant volumes in the Benjamin Franklin's papers, details this achievement.
Uncovers what might seem to be a dark side of the American dream: the New World from the viewpoint of those who decided not to stay. This work contains life-histories of people who left New England during the British Civil Wars and Interregnum, 1640-1660.
Integrates the history of the real Continental army into the mainstream of writing about the nation making experience of the United States. This work is useful for those enrolled in the US history survey or specialised courses in colonial or military history or the American Revolution.
Assembles newspaper articles, editorials, and records about the debates in Pennsylvania's ratifying convention. In addition to speeches and essays by both supporters and opponents of the Constitution, this title presents non-interpretative editorial comments to introduce the documents and to place them in the appropriate historical context.
Presents an up-to-date overview of the Spanish colonial period in North America. The book provides an account of the Spaniards' impact on the lives, institutions, and environments of the native peoples and also of the effect of the natives on the societies and cultures of the Spanish settlers.
The American War of Independence has been characterized as a revolution, both politically and in terms of the fighting methods employed by the colonist. Marston argues that this is a misconception and that it was a war between two groups of British veterans of the Seven Years' War.
Eric Stockdale explores American propaganda produced in England before and during the War of Independence. This study focuses on John Stockdale, a London publisher and bookseller, and his relationship with four Presidents, Benjamin Franklin, and two early American authors and also revealing Stockdale's involvement with the emerging US book trade.
This indispensable guide provides authoritative information on the Founding Fathers in entries ranging from the Articles of Confederation to George Washington. * It is the ideal resource for anyone looking to hone their knowledge of the fascinating figures who wrote the first chapter of American history.
In 1775, war broke out between the British and the American colonists. By 1776, the colonists had declared themselves independent and in 1783, following a long and bloody conflict, Britain was forced to recognise the independence of the United States. This book tells the story of the Revolutionary war - the longest upheaval in American history.
Talks about one of the legendary figures of Ontario history, John Graves Simcoe who was the commander of the Queen's Rangers during the American Revolution. In 1791 he was appointed the first lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada, and upon his arrival in 1792 he founded the town of York (present-day Toronto).
Set on the pivotal 1777 campaign of the American Revolution, this book presents an examination of the military engagements that resulted in the British capture of Philadelphia. Based on surviving accounts of soldiers and civilians, it weaves together the compelling story of the fight for the Continental capital.
William Johnson began life as a poor Irish Catholic peasant. After converting to Protestantism, he emigrated to America where he became the leading fur trader in the British colony and one of its richest men. He also 'went native', marrying an Indian woman and adopting the religion of her tribe, the Iroquois.
This book examines the first military encounters of the Seven Years' War. When the French built forts along the Ohio River valley to support their claims to the area, a clash with the British became inevitable, and when in 1753 they refused to evacuate the region, British thoughts turned to eviction.
A chronological guide to more than a century of American presidents from George Washington's uncontested and popular election in 1789 to William Mckinley's untimely assassination in 1901. It provides an overview of the early history of American politics from which the union of 13 colonies emerged to form a nation.
Accompanying a major exhibition at the British Museum, this catalogue explores the dramatic events surrounding the Spanish assault on the Aztec Empire, focusing on the Emperor Moctezuma II who ruled from AD 1502 from his capital Tenochtitlan (the site of modern-day Mexico City). It opens with an examination of the origin of Mexico.
Accompanying a major exhibition at the British Museum, this catalogue explores the dramatic events surrounding the Spanish assault on the Aztec Empire, focusing on the Emperor Moctezuma II who ruled from AD 1502 from his capital Tenochtitlan (the site of modern-day Mexico City). It opens with an examination of the origin of Mexico.
Since its original casting in England in 1751, the Liberty Bell has survived a precarious journey on the road to becoming a symbol of the American identity. A cultural history rooted in detailed research, this book explores the impetus behind the bell's creation, as well as its evolutions in meaning through successive generations.
For 200 years after 1650, the West Indies witnessed one of the greatest power struggles of the age, as Europeans made and lost immense fortunes growing and trading in sugar - a commodity so lucrative that it was known as white gold. This book tells how the islands became by far most valuable and important colonies in the British Empire.
The contemporary image of the West Indies as paradise islands conceals a turbulent, dramatic and shocking history. This title tells how the islands became by far most valuable and important colonies in the British Empire. It reveals how the importance of the West Indies made a crucial contribution to the loss of the North American colonies.
A documented account of one of the greatest early migrations of Scots to North America. The arrival of the Hector in 1773 sparked a huge influx of Scots to Nova Scotia and Cape Breton. Thousands of Scots streamed into the province during the late 1700s and early 1800s, laying down a rich seam of Scottish culture which continues to flourish.
The author grew up in the shadow of an ancestor who was hanged for witchcraft. Historical evidence shows his seven-times great grandmother, Susannah North Martin, was a highly-capable woman who did not suffer fools well at a time when women were supposed to be submissive, and were regarded as second-class citizens. But was she really a witch?
The search for gold and for the mythical El Dorado gripped the imagination of the conquistadors from the beginning of the sixteenth century. Crossing over the Andes, they explored the unknown eastern forests and jungles, launching expeditions that were often disastrous and always disappointing.
Presents a description of the Spanish landing in Mexico in 1520 and their amazement at the city, the exploitation of the natives for gold and other treasures, the expulsion and flight of the Spaniards, their regrouping and eventual capture of the Aztec capital.
More than 100, 000 Ulster Presbyterians of Scottish origin migrated to the American colonies in the six decades prior to the American Revolution. This book uncovers the ways in which migrants from Ulster - and thousands like them - forged new identities and how they conceived the wider transatlantic community.
Mercy Otis Warren has been described as perhaps the most formidable female intellectual in eighteenth-century America. This work presents a comprehensive study of the events of the American Revolution, from the Stamp Act Crisis of 1765 through the ratification of the Constitution in 1788-1789.
The 13 North American colonies established by Great Britain eventually formed the nucleus of the United States. This volume describes the history of these colonies, both individually and collectively. It offers an analysis of the evolution of a new and distinctive society.
More than any other colony, Virginia looked to the West for its future. After the French and Indian War, the Royal Proclamation of 1754 declared that officers and soldiers would be paid with parcels of Western land, vaguely extending about eighty miles in all directions from Lexington. This work traces the period of colonial history.
This work describes the dramatic and colourful history of the provincial units which were raised in the 13 original American colonies. Units covered include the Virginia Regiment (in which George Washington served), and the "Ranger Companies" of forest guerrillas.
Examines some of the central themes and ideologies central to the formation of the United States. This book provides an examination of various facets of the Founders' lives and thoughts, as well as their times, to help readers understand the events that went into their country's creation.
Palace intrigues & clientelism drove politics at the viceregal court of colonial Mexico. By carefully reconstructing social networks in the court of Viceroy Duke of Alburquerque (1702-1710), the author reveals that the Duke presided over one of the most corrupt viceregal terms in Mexican history.
Examines how the Spanish policies known broadly as the Bourbon Reforms affected Central American social, economic, and political institutions. This book focuses on specific policy changes and their consequences as well as transformations throughout the region for which no direct Bourbon inspiration appears to be responsible.
The French-Indian War was fought in the forests, open plains and forts of the North American frontier. This title explains the background to the wars and charts the military development of the British Army and the reforms that led to its eventual superiority.
Assembles newspaper articles, editorials, and records about the debates in Pennsylvania's ratifying convention. In addition to speeches and essays by both supporters and opponents of the Constitution, this title presents non-interpretative editorial comments to introduce the documents and to place them in the appropriate historical context.
Six months after America declared her independence, Congress dispatched Benjamin Franklin to France to solicit aid and arms for the upcoming fight. This work tells a tale of international intrigue and from it emerges a portrait of a brilliant man, as well as a sense of the fragility and improvisation of his country's bid for independence.
We commonly think of the American Revolution as simply the war for independence from British colonial rule. In this book", the author asks us to rethink what we know about the Revolutionary War, to realize that while white Americans were fighting for their freedom, black Americans were joining the British imperial forces to gain theirs.
Details the childhood adventures of George Rogers Clark, the older brother of William Clark of the famous Lewis and Clark expedition. This book describes George's boyhood curiosity and zest for exploration, including his adventures while camping, riding horses, and playing with his childhood friend Thomas Jefferson.
The vicious war significantly altered the course of the Revolution. Regular troops, volunteers, and Indians clashed in large-scale campaigns. Although the Revolution is associated with specific locations such as the heights above Boston or the frozen Delaware River, important events took place in the wooded, mountainous lands of the frontier.
The conflict that Winston Churchill called the first First World War profoundly shaped the history of North America. Filled with illustrations and sidebars, this volume accompanies a travelling exhibit and serves as a commemorative issue of the esteemed "Western Pennsylvania History" journal.
An history of the American Revolution. It explores the complex and contested genesis of the United States, showing how the evolution was by no means inevitable and grew out the actions and interactions of many individuals, both radical and conservative, republicans, moderates and those loyal to the crown.
Details the childhood adventures of George Rogers Clark, the older brother of William Clark of the famous Lewis and Clark expedition. This book describes George's boyhood curiosity and zest for exploration, including his adventures while camping, riding horses, and playing with his childhood friend Thomas Jefferson.
America raised three distinct forces to win its revolution: short service militiamen, state troops and the Continentals. The Continentals were the backbone of the army, providing a disciplined and effective fighting force. This title takes a close look at the Continental infantryman.
Presents a photographic and narrative survey of the major sites of the Inca empire, including the famed city of Machu Picchu, the Inca town and sun temple of Ollantaytambo, the mighty temple-fortress of Sacsahuaman, and the steeply terraced ruins of Pisac. This book also includes chapters about Choquequirao, Chinchero, and Vitcos.
The federated Iroquois tribes were essential to the British during their various colonial campaigns in eastern North America. This work looks at the material culture, social organization and religion of these people and tells the story of the many frontier campaigns they fought.
Brings together leading experts to provide a portrait of the Gulf South in the eighteenth century. This work depicts the transitions - demographic, cultural, social, political, and economic - that took place from the Atlantic coast of Florida to the Gulf coast of Mexico during this period.
Looks at the tours of 11 royals who were or would be monarchs, viceroys, and commanders-in-chief of Canada. Featuring photos from the June/July 2010 tour of the Queen Elizabeth II, this title also looks at how tours shaped Canada and the royals themselves, with an eye for the significant, interesting, and humorous.
Mercy Otis Warren has been described as perhaps the most formidable female intellectual in eighteenth-century America. This work presents a comprehensive study of the events of the American Revolution, from the Stamp Act Crisis of 1765 through the ratification of the Constitution in 1788-1789.
In August 1862 the Dakota of Eastern Sioux resorted to armed conflict against the white settlers of southern Minnesota. This study uses an ethnohistorical approach to explain why the bonds of peace between the Dakota and the whites were suddenly broken. This edition includes a new introduction.
Merging archaeology, material culture, and social history, this title reveals the story of Shadwell, the birthplace of Thomas Jefferson and home to his parents Jane and Peter Jefferson, their eight children and over sixty slaves. It offers fresh views of the family's role in settling Virginia as well as various perspectives on Jefferson himself.
If you think today's arguments about the role of the federal government are heated, you should have been around back in 1787. Eleven years after the Revolutionary War, the United States was on the verge of a vast political collapse. This title tells the life stories of the 39 delegates who begrudgingly attended a Convention.
Originally published to commemorate the bicentennial of the United States Constitution, this work consists of extracts from the works of political theory, history, law, and constitutional argument on which the Framers and their contemporaries drew and which they themselves produced.
The years from the fall of New France in 1763 to the amalgamation of the Hudson's Bay Company and North West Company in 1821 were marked by fierce competition in the fur trade. This book explores the eventful lives of those who worked in the trade, including Alexander Henry the Elder, a trader and merchant.
Tells the story of the French and American Revolutions. This book shows their leaders who were often seen as father and son but the relationship of George Washington and the Marquis de Lafayette, while close, was every bit as complex as the long, fraught history of the French-American alliance, of which they were also the founding fathers.
Based on Penn family papers, this book tells the story of William Penn's heirs and their precarious ownership of Pennsylvania in the eighteenth century. Focusing on Thomas and John Penn, this work recounts the various struggles they faced with the Paxton Boys and the Indians on the frontier.
Defines the 18th century society of Acadia into which Joseph Beausoleil Broussard was born in 1702. This book tells of his early life events and militant struggles with the British who had for years wanted to lay claim to the Acadians' rich lands. Subsequent chapters discuss the epic odyssey during which Beausoleil led a group of 193 Acadians.