L&-locked between its giant neighbors, Russia & China, Mongolia was the first Asian country to adopt communism & the first to abandon it. When the Soviet Union collapsed in the early 1990s, Mongolia turned to international financial agencies
- including the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, & the Asian Development Bank
- for help in compensating for the economic changes caused by disruptions in the communist world. ” Modern Mongolia” is the best-informed & most thorough account to date of the political economy of Mongolia during the past decade. In it, Morris Rossabi explores the effects of the withdrawal of Soviet assistance, the role of international financial agencies in supporting a pure market economy, & the ways that new policies have led to greater political freedom but also to unemployment, poverty, increasingly inequitable distribution of income, & deterioration in the education, health, & well-being of Mongolian society. Rossabi demonstrates that the agencies providing grants & loans insisted on Mongolia`s adherence to a set of policies that did not generally take into account the country`s unique heritage & society. Though the sale of state assets, minimalist government, liberalization of trade & prices, a balanced budget, & austerity were supposed to yield marked economic growth, Mongolia
- the world`s fifth-largest per capita recipient of foreign aid
- did not recover as expected. As he details this painful transition from a collective to a capitalist economy, Rossabi also analyzes the cultural effects of the sudden opening of Mongolia to democracy. He looks at the broader implications of Mongolia`s international situation & considers its future, particularly in relation to China.