Wrought iron has been used as a decorative element in architecture from the eleventh century to the twentieth. At first a device to strengthen & embellish doors wrought iron was soon adopted for free-standing screens & railings examples of which can still be seen in churches & cathedrals. At the end of the seventeenth century iron screens gates & railings became a fashionable element of country & town houses resulting in the most creative period of decorative ironwork. The cheaper technique of cast iron led to a subsequent decline in wrought iron although the latter underwent a revival at the end of the nineteenth century led by influential architects such as William Burges & Charles Rennie Mackintosh.