Philip II of Spain -- ruler of the most extensive empire the world had ever known -- has been viewed in a harsh & negative light since his death in 1598. Identified with repression bigotry & fanaticism by his enemies he has been judged more by the political events of his reign than by his person. This book published four hundred years after Philips death is the first full-scale biography of the king. Placing him within the social cultural religious & regional context of his times it presents a startling new picture of his character & reign. Drawing on Philips unpublished correspondence & on many other archival sources Henry Kamen reveals much about Philip the youth the man the husband the father the frequently troubled Christian & the king. Kamen finds that Philip was a cosmopolitan prince whose extensive experience of northern Europe broadened his cultural imagination & tastes whose staunchly conservative ideas were far from being illiberal & fanatical whose religious attitudes led him to accept a practical coexistence with Protestants & Jews & whose support for Las Casas & other defenders of the Indians in America helped determine government policy. Shedding completely new light on most aspects of Philips private life & in consequence on his public actions the book is the definitive portrayal of Philip II.