The death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC threw the Macedonians into confusion; there was no capable heir & no clear successor among the senior figures in Alexanders circle. Initial attempts to preserve the unity of Alexanders conquests gave way to a period of bloody & prolonged warfare. For well over a century the largely mercenary armies of Alexanders successors imposed their influence over the whole of the Near East while absorbing local military practices. After Romes decisive defeat of Carthage in 202 BC Macedonia came under increasing pressure from the Romans. Three wars between the two powers culminated in the Roman victory at Pydna in 168 BC which laid Alexanders empire to rest & established Roman hegemony in the Near East. Drawing upon a wide array of archaeological & written sources & written by a noted authority on the Hellenistic period this survey of the organization battle history & appearance of the armies of Alexanders successors is lavishly illustrated with specially commissioned full-colour artwork.