This book is a completely new version of the highly successful Principles of Geographical Information Systems for Land Resources Assessment which was first published in 1986. GIS are not just used for electronic map-making but today are major tools for the management of our physical & social environment. GIS are used to assist political decisions & play a part in market research in the management of utility services in automated navigation systems & in many other fields. This book presents a strong theoretical basis for GIS which is often lacking in other texts. Spatial data are usually based on two dichotomous paradigms exactly defined entities in space such as land parcels or the continuous variation of single attributes such as temperature or rainfall. Methods for modelling both kinds of phenomena & storing them in spatial databases are described in detail including the use of geostatistics for interpolating from points to continuous fields. Examples of how spatial data & an analysis of their spatial interactions are used to solve a wide range of practical problems ranging from site-location analysis through land degradation the optimizing of timber extraction from forests & the redistribution of Chernobyl radioactivity by floods are explained clearly & in detail. Much attention is paid to the problems of data quality & how statistical errors in spatial data can affect the results of spatial modelling based on the two paradigms of space. Fuzzy logic & continuous classification methods are presented as methods for linking the two spatial paradigms. The book concludes with an investigation of current developments in providing spatial data for the whole world over the Internet. As such the new volume provides a comprehensive & concise introduction to the theory & practice of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Targeted at undergraduates graduates & professionals in disciplines such as physical & human geography hydrology geology environmental science cartography epidemiology radioecology agriculture spatial planning land tenure & land evaluation the book explains why spatial data & the information systems based on them are important in the modern world.