India: A History by John Keay, relates thousands of years of events which took place in the land known as current day India. The country has a history longer than many other existing cultures on earth, but most historical work on India concentrates on the period after the arrival of Europeans, with predictable biases, distortions & misapprehensions. Taking the longest possible view, Keay surveys what is both provable & invented in the historical record. His narrative begins in 3000 B.C. with the complex, & little understood, Harappan period, a time of state formation & the development of agriculture & trade networks. This period coincides with the arrival of Indo-European invaders, the so-called Aryans, whose name, of course, has been put to bad use at many points since. Keay traces the growth of subsequent states & kingdoms throughout antiquity & the medieval period, suggesting that the lack of unified government made the job of the European conquerors somewhat easier--but by no means inevitable. He continues to the modern day, his narrative ending with Indian-Pakistani conflicts in 1998.