This is a history of the ideas that shaped not only London, but Manchester, Glasgow, Liverpool, Leeds, Birmingham, Sheffield & other power-houses of 19th-century Britain. It charts the controversies & visions that fostered Britain`s greatest civic renaissance. Tristram Hunt explores the horrors of the Victorian city, as seen by Dickens, Engels & Carlyle; the influence of the medieval Gothic ideal of faith, community & order espoused by Pugin & Ruskin; the pride in self-government, identified with the Saxons as opposed to the Normans; the identification with the city republics of the Italian renaissance ` commerce, trade & patronage; the change from the civic to the municipal, & greater powers over health, education & housing; & finally at the end of the century, the retreat from the urban to the rural ideal, led by William Morris & the garden-city movement of Ebenezer Howard.