In classical mythology Silenus was the companion of Bacchus, god of wine. This painting is part of the decoration which Annibale Carracci executed on a keyboard instrument for Fulvio Orsini (1529
- 1600), the librarian to the Farnese family in Rome & tutor to Cardinal Odoardo. Being a classical scholar, Orsini may have advised on the subject matter of the work. The panel of ' Marsyas & Olympus' was probably part of the same decoration. In style & spirit these paintings are very close to the Farnese Gallery frescoes with which they are contemporary.