Washington Square marks the culmination of Jamess apprentice period as a novelist. With sharply focused attention upon just four principal characters James provides an acute analysis of middle-class manners & behaviour in the New York of the 1870s a period of great change in the life of the city. This change is explored through the device of setting the novels action during the 1840s similarly a period of considerable turbulence as the United States experienced the onset of rapid commercial & industrial expansion. Through the relationships between Austin Sloper a celebrated physician & his sister Lavinia Penniman his daughter Catherine & Catherines suitor Morris Townsend James observes the contemporary scene as a site of competing styles & performances where authentic expression cannot be articulated or is subject to suppression.