Following the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 Germany was not permitted to build or operate submarines. Clandestine training about Finnish & Spanish submarines took place & U-boats were still built to German designs in Dutch yards. At the outset of the Second World War Donitz argued for a 300-strong U-boat fleet since his force of 57 U-boats could only inflict pin-pricks against British seaborne trade. In August 1939 U-48 left Germany commanded by Vaddi Schultze to take up a waiting position around Engl&. It scored its first success on 5 September when it torpedoed the British freighter Royal Sceptre then the Winkleigh on 8 September. On both occasions
- the first of many
- Schultze showed himself to be a notable humanitarian: he addressed signals to Churchill giving positions of the sinkings so that crews could be saved. By 1 August 1941 U-48 the most successful boat of the Second World War had sunk 56 merchant ships of 322 478 gross tons & one corvette. She was then transferred to the Baltic as a training boat. Schultze became commander of operation 3 U-Flotilla & later was appointed commander II/ Naval College Schleswig. He died in 1987 at the age of 78. U-48 was scuttled on 3 May 1945.