In this fully revised & updated edition of his groundbreaking study Paul Cartledge uncovers the realities behind the potent myth of Sparta. The book explores both the city-state of Sparta & the territory of Lakonia which it unified & exploited. Combining the more traditional written sources with archaeological & environmental perspectives its coverage extends from the apogee of Mycenaean culture to Sparta's crucial defeat at the battle of Mantinea in 362 BC.