Between AD 69 & 161 the composition of the Roman legions was transformed. Italians were almost entirely replaced by provincial recruits men for whom Latin was at best a second language & yet the ' Roman-ness' of these Germans Pannonians Spaniards Africans & Syrians fostered in isolated fortresses on the frontiers was incredibly strong. They were highly competitive jealous of their honour & driven by the need to maintain & enhance their reputations for virtus that is manly courage & excellence. The warfare of the period from the huge legion versus legion confrontations in the Civil War of AD 69 through the campaigns of conquest in Germany Dacia & Britain to the defence of the frontiers of Africa & Cappadocia & the savage quelling of internal revolts gave ample opportunity for virtus-enhancing activity. The classic battle formation that had baffled Pyrrhus & conquered Hannibal was revived. Heroic centurions continued to lead from the front & common legionaries vied with them in displays of valour. The legions of the era may have been provincial but they were definitely Roman in organisation & ethos. ...

Marcus Cato Sulla Aemilius Paullus Pompey The Gracchi Marius Julius Caesar Anthony I treat the narrative of the Lives as a kind of mirror... The experience is like nothing so much as spending time in their company & living with them: I receive & welcome each of them in turn as my guest. In the eight lives of this collection Plutarch introduces the reader to the major figures & periods of classical Rome. He portrays virtues to be emulated & vices to be avoided but his purpose is also implicitly to educate & warn those in his own day who wielded power. In prose that is rich elegant & sprinkled with learned references he explores with an extraordinary degree of insight the interplay of character & political action. While drawing chiefly on historical sources he brings to biography a natural story-tellers ear for a good anecdote. Throughout the ages Plutarchs Lives have been valued for their historical value & their charm. This new translation will introduce new generations to his urbane erudition. The most comprehensive selection available it is accompanied by a lucid introduction explanatory notes bibliographies maps & indexes. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford Worlds Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxfords commitment to scholarship providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features including expert introductions by leading authorities helpful notes to clarify the text up-to-date bibliographies for further study & much more. ...

This book is the concluding part of a rigorous study of the literary sculptural pictorial & archaeological evidence for Roman military clothing covering the last days of the Western Empire & the much longer record of the Eastern in the 5th to 7th centuries. The evidence from this enormously colourful period
- when Germanic & Persian styles first introduced by mercenaries were widely adopted by Roman armies
- is particularly rich. The text is illustrated with many photographs of rare textile finds & mosaic artwork; with careful drawings of other figurative sources; & with Graham Sumners meticulous & dazzling colour reconstructions.

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This volume

Includes:: three novels in their entirety: THE ASSASSINS OF ROME: Jonathan has disappeared on a

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The Roman Navy was remarkable for its size reach & longevity. As significant as the Royal Navy was to the British Empire in the nineteenth century the Roman Navy was crucial to the extraordinary expansion of Imperial power & for its maintenance over a period of more than 800 years. The fabric & organisation of this maritime force is at the core of this new book. At the height of its power the Roman Navy was at least in numerical terms the largest maritime force ever to have existed. It employed tens of thousands of sailors & maintained & fought fleets of ships larger than any forces since. In these pages the author looks at all the aspects of the Navy in turn. Shipbuilding rigs & fittings & shipboard weaponry are covered as are all the principal ship from the earliest types to the very last. The command structure is outlined as are all aspects of the crews lives their recruitment terms of service training & uniforms. Life onboard food & drink discipline religion & superstition are described while seamanship & navigation are dealt with along with bases & shore establishments. Operations feature prominently the allied & enemy navies compared & specimen battles employed to explain fighting tactics. All these aspects changed & developed hugely over the great span of the Roman empire but this fascinating book brings this complex story together in one brilliant volume. ...

The vast networks of roads throughout the Roman Empire were vital to the expansion of Roman culture power & influence across the world & one of their principal uses was the transportation of the Legions to strategic bases in the most direct way possible. This book details the planning construction & maintenance of these road networks & discusses the different types of Roman road found in areas of Britain & their many uses. With photographs of surviving roads in Britain & a list of where they are still in use Roman Roads" is a perfect introduction to a Roman legacy that exists to this day." ...

For the first time the most commonly encountered silver Roman coins can be inexpensively identified & some idea of value can ...

An informative guide for budding Roman soldiers this handbook gives an insiders view of what it was like to fight in the Roman army. All of the gruesome truths of life in the Roman army are revealed including what soldiers used to eat what they used to wear & how they lived. This title

Includes:: helpful soldiering tips on how to clean armour before & after battle & how to hold a sword & shield. Witty illustrations complement the text creating a friendly & accessible introduction to Roman history.

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The Romance Angels are a group of cherubic angels who are focused upon all things love related. Anyone can call upon these beings & they're able to help unlimited numbers of people simultaneously. This beautifully illustrated card deck by Doreen Virtue will allow you to receive angelic guidance about your romantic status as well as conduct accurate & trustworthy readings for your friends & clients. The Romance Angels Oracle Cards" can offer you more clarity about soul-mate relationships healing from the past & attracting more love into your life. Whether you're seeking answers for yourself or someone else these cards can yield valuable insights. The Romance Angels are happy to guide you to a lifetime of love." ...

ROMANCE OF THE THREE KINGDOMS is Lo Kuan-chungs retelling of the events attending the fall of the Han Dynasty in 220 AD one of the most tumultuous & fascinating periods in Chinese history. It is an epic saga of brotherhood & rivalry loyalty & treachery victory & death. As important for Chinese culture as the Homeric epics have been for the West this fourteenth-century masterpiece is still loved & read throughout Asia. ...