Human rights offer a vision of international justice that todays idealistic millions hold dear. Yet the very concept on which the movement is based became familiar only a few decades ago when it profoundly reshaped our hopes for an enhanced humanity. In this pioneering book Samuel Moyn elevates that extraordinary transformation to center stage & asks what it reveals about the ideals troubled present & uncertain future. For some human rights stretch back to the dawn of Western civilization the age of the American & French Revolutions or the post-World War II moment when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was framed. Revisiting these episodes in a dramatic tour of humanitys moral history The Last Utopia" shows that it was in the decade after 1968 that human rights began to make sense to broad communities of people as the proper cause of justice. Across eastern & western Europe as well as throughout the United States & Latin America human rights crystallized in a few short years as social activism & political rhetoric moved it from the hallways of the United Nations to the global forefront. It was on the ruins of earlier political utopias Moyn argues that human rights achieved contemporary prominence. The morality of individual rights substituted for the soiled political dreams of revolutionary communism & nationalism as international law became an alternative to popular struggle & bloody violence. But as the ideal of human rights enters into rival political agendas it requires more vigilance & scrutiny than when it became the watchword of our hopes."