Best known as the author of the classic Darkness at Noon" Koestler was one of the most influential & controversial intellectuals involved in & commenting on almost every political movement of the twentieth century. As young man he was a committed Zionist & moved to Palestine; he was imprisoned & sentenced to death in Francos Spain; escaped Occupied France; & was a member of the Communist party for seven years later becoming one of its fiercest critics with the publication of " Darkness at Noon". Without sentimentality Scammell gives a full account of Koestlers turbulent private life: his drug use manic depression the frenetic womanizing that doomed his three marriages & led to an accusation of rape & his startling suicide pact with his wife in 1983. Koestler also gives a full account of the authors voluminous writings making the case that the autobiographies & essays are fit to stand beside Darkness at Noon as works of lasting literary value. Michael Scammell creates an indelible portrait of this brilliant unpredictable & talented writer once memorably described as one third blackguard one third lunatic & one third genius."