Islam without Extremes presents a provocative manifesto for an interpretation of Islam that synthesises liberal ideas & respect for the Islamic tradition. With an eye sympathetic to Western liberalism & Islamic theology Mustafa Akyol traces the roots of political Islam. The years following the death of Muhammad saw an intellectual war of ideas" rage between rationalist flexible schools of Islam & the more dogmatic rigid ones. The traditionalists won fostering perceptions of Islam as antithetical to modernity. However Akyol traces a flourishing of liberalism in the nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire & explores the unique " Islamo-liberal synthesis" of present-day Turkey. Only by accepting a secular state he asserts can Islamic societies thrive. Persuasive & inspiring Islam without Extremes offers an intellectual basis for the reconcilability of Islam & religious political economic & social freedoms."