For two thousand years London has been at the heart of Britains development as a nation providing a focus for its political life. The military element is now usually visible only through the pageantry which attends royal occasions but this masks a more serious underlying intent. Frequently the target for both foreign invaders & domestic factions it has been required to defend itself against everything from seaborne raiders to aerial bombardment & the threat of nuclear war. At the same time the direction of military affairs has been centred on London along with the military infrastructure of barracks depots magazines dockyards & munitions factories. The evidence for much of this can be seen in the landscape from the mediaeval Tower of London & the underground nuclear citadels in the urban centre to the royal palaces moated sites airfields & anti-invasion defences in the suburbs & the green belt. This book describes the various elements of Londons military heritage & places them in their historical & social context. From the castles & strong-houses of the mediaeval & Tudor monarchs & statesmen to the pseudo-fortresses of the Victorian militia & rifle volunteers; the airfields of the anti-Zeppelin fighters of the Royal Flying Corps & the Battle of Britain bases of the RAF to the pillboxes of the defences against invasion in 1940 & the anti-nuclear defences of the Cold War & beyond.