In a work of meticulous scholarship & research Paul Preston the worlds foremost historian of 20th-century Spain charts how & why Franco & his supporters set out to eliminate all those who do not think as we do
- some 200 000 innocent men women & children across Spain. The remains of General Franco lie in an immense mausoleum near Madrid built with the blood & sweat of 20 000 slave labourers. His enemies however met less exalted fates. In addition to those killed on the battlefield tens of thousands of Spaniards were officially executed between 1936 & 1945 & as many again became non-persons their fates as obscure as the nations collective memory of this terrible period. As the country slowly reclaims its historical memory after a long period of wilful amnesia for the first time a full picture can be given of the escalation & aftermath of the Spanish Holocaust in all its

Dimensions
- ranging from systematic killings & judicial murders to the abuse of women & children imprisonment torture & the grisly fate of Spaniards in the hands of the Gestapo. The story of the victims of Francos reign of terror is framed by the activities of four key men whose dogma of eugenics terrorisation domination & mind control horrifyingly mirror the fascism of 1930s Italy & Germany. General Mola organised the military coup of 1936 & dictated its ferocity in the north of Spain; Queipo de Llano the deranged radio general ran a virtually independent fiefdom in the south; Major Vallejo Najera was a military psychiatrist who provided scientific justifications for the annihilation of thousands; & Captain Aguilera the Nationalist press officer blamed the war on do-gooders interference with the divine process of decimating the working classes. Reflecting more than a decade of research & telling many stories of individuals from both sides The Spanish Holocaust seeks to reflect the intense horrors visited upon Spain by the arrogance & brutality of the officers who rose up on 17 July 1936 provoking a civil war that was unnecessary & whose consequences still reverberate bitterly in Spain today.



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Selected as the Sunday Times History Book of the Year for 2012 this is a meticulous work of scholarship from the foremost historian of 20th-century Spain. The culmination of more than a decade of research ' The Spanish Holocaust' seeks to reflect the intense horrors visited upon Spain during its ferocious civil war the consequences of which still reverberate bitterly today. The brutal murderous persecution of Spaniards between 1936 & 1945 is a truth that should have been told long ago. Paul Preston here offers the first comprehensive picture of what he terms the Spanish Holocaust": mass extra-judicial murder of some 200 000 victims cursory military trials torture the systematic abuse of women & children sweeping imprisonment the horrors of exile. Those culpable for crimes committed on both sides of the Civil War are named; their victims identified. ' The Spanish Holocaust' illuminates one of the darkest least-known eras of modern European history." ...

Learn to speak Spanish fast with this practical & entertaining course for beginners. Learn to speak Spanish in three short months with Hugos world-renowned book & CD pack. Practise regularly using the three 70-minute CDs & book & youll learn to understand & speak Spanish faster than you thought possible. Pick up essential grammar & build vocabulary through word lists key Spanish phrases & model sentences. Develop conversation skills through exercises based on real-life scenarios. Learning Spanish has never been so easy! ...

Few institutions in Western history have as fearful a reputation as the Spanish Inquisition. For centuries Europe trembled at its name. Nobody was safe in this terrifying battle for the unachievable aim of unified faith. Established by papal bull in 1478 the first task of the Spanish Inquisition was to question Jewish converts to Christianity & to expose & execute those found guilty of reversion. It then turned on Spanish Jews in general sending three hundred thousand into exile. Next in line were humanists & Lutherans. No rank was exempt. Children informed on their parents merchants on their rivals & priests upon their bishops. Those denounced were guilty unless they could prove their innocence. Few did. Two hundred lashes were a minor punishment; 31 913 were led to the stake at public displays the last a mad witch in 1781. The Inquisition policed what was written read & taught & kept an eye on sexual behaviour. Napoleon tried to abolish it in 1808 & failed. Joseph Perez tells the history of the Spanish Inquisition from its medieval beginnings to its nineteenth-century ending. He discovers its origins in fear & jealousy & its longevity in usefulness to the state. He explores the inner workings of its councils courts & finances & shows how its officers inquisitors & leaders lived & worked. He describes its techniques of interrogation disorientation & torture & shows how it refined displays of punishment as instruments of social control. The author ends his fascinating account by assessing the impact of the Inquisition over three & a half centuries on Spains culture economy & intellectual life. ...

A Spanish Learning Grammar Third Edition is an innovative reference grammar & workbook suitable for you whether you are studying Spanish at intermediate or advanced level. Its straightforward explanations of grammar are supported by examples with contemporary vocabulary humorous cartoon drawings & plentiful varied exercises helping you to grasp often complex points of grammar in an enjoyable way. Its carefully devised two-part structure mirrors the learning process allowing you to focus on core knowledge first & enabling you to progress confidently to more advanced knowledge at your own pace. Key features for this third edition include: New drawings which illustrate grammar through real-life scenarios New vocabulary bringing you up-to-date with Spanish in the digital ag Re-ordering of the section on verbs making the tenses easier for you to find Online interactive exercises with audio answers providing you with invaluable listening & pronunciation practice. To aid your understanding this third edition also contains a glossary of grammatical terms useful verb tables & a key to the exercises. Written in the belief that grammar is the key to real communication this is an essential textbook for any student of Spanish." ...

The fun & easy way to speak Spanish With Mexico the 1 international destination for Americans over 14 million secondary school students enrolled in Spanish classes & Spanish the primary language in many neighborhoods from L.A. to Miami this should easily be the most popular title in our new phrase book series following in the footsteps of Spanish For Dummies (0-7645-5194-9) which has sold more than 300 000 copies. Susana Wald is a writer teacher & translator. ...

Like a giant natural wall the Pyrenees separates the Iberian Peninsula from the rest of Europe. Snow-capped peaks of well over 3 000 metres block cool moist air from the north leaving the Iberian hinterland dry & hot. The climatic differences between the Spanish Pyrenees & their foothills are amongst the most dramatic of Europe. This region is wild & has an extremely diverse flora & fauna. Huesca (Spain) is the northern & most diverse of Aragons three provinces. It covers both the wild High Pyrenees their wooded foothills & the steppes in the basin of the Ebro. There are few areas in Europe with such a diversity of landscapes & of flora & fauna. From the alpine heights of Ordesa to dry semi-desert of Belchite this guidebooks shows you the best sites & reveals their flora & fauna. The geology & local l&-use history is fully described in the opening chapters explaining how the special habitats arose & how they are all important to the special fauna & flora of the region. The guide covers the wildflowers birds & all other wildlife routes where-to-watch-birds information & other observation tips. 21 routes are fully described & mapped with many adjacent locations identified. This Crossbill Guide to the natural history of the Spanish Pyrenees is not only the 11th in this most popular series but is arguably one of the best descriptions to this very special part of the European continent. With much of Europe under tremendous development pressure it is refreshing to know that places of such outstanding natural beauty are still on our doorstep & immediately accessible. Dirk Hilbers description of the habitats & wildlife of this exceptional area ranks amongst the best natural history writing one might find anywhere & his passion & commitment to encouraging travelers to explore such regions comes across well as does his hope that such sensitive tourism will serve the long-term aim of conserving & cherishing such natural remnants as the Pyrenees for future generations. ...

Being larger than a cat the donkey is the kind of animal Tim Moore is slightly scared of. Yet intrigued by epic accounts of a pilgrimage undertaken by one in three medieval Europeans & committed to historical authenticity he finds himself leading a Pyrenean ass named Shinto into Spain headed for Santiago de Compostela. Over 500 miles of extreme weather & agonising bestial sloth it becomes memorably apparent that for the multinational band of eccentrics who keep the Santiagan flame alive the pilgrimage has evolved from a purely devotional undertaking into a mobile therapist's couch. Ludicrous heart-warming & improbably inspirational Spanish Steps is the story of what happens when a rather silly man tries to walk all the way across a very large country with a very large animal who doesn't really want to. ...

A mixed infantry formation made up of about 3 000 men armed with pikes swords & handguns the innovative & influential tercio or Spanish square was the basic combat unit of the armies of Spain throughout much of the 16th & 17th centuries. Arguably the first permanent tactical formation seen in Europe since the Roman cohort the tercio was the forerunner of modern formations such as the battalion & regiment. The variety of different weapons fielded in the tercio meant the Spanish infantry could resist opposing cavalry forces while overcoming every kind of enemy infantry deployed against them. Featuring full-colour artwork & photographs of rare items held at the Spanish Army Museum this study covers the whole period during which the tercios were active opening with the third Italian war between the forces of France & the Holy Roman Emperor & concluding with the final transformation of the Spanish tercios into regiments in 1704. ...

The revenge" play became the most durable & commercially successful type of drama on the Elizabethan stage. This example by Thomas Kyd who was one of the originators of the genre brings to life the intrigues of the Spanish court dramatically juxtaposing romantic passion with sudden violent death & clandestine politics. The ghost of Dan Andrea & his guide Revenge observe the dark & bloody action throughout provoking questions about the nature of the human condition." ...