How did prehistoric peoples those living before written records think? Were their modes of thought fundamentally different from ours today? Researchers over the years have certainly believed so. Along with the Aborigines of Australia, the indigenous San people of southern Africa among the last hunter-gatherer societies on Earth became iconic representatives of all our distant ancestors, & were viewed either as irrational fantasists or childlike, highly spiritual conservationists. Since the 1960s, a new wave of research among the San & their world-famous rock art has overturned these misconceived ideas. Here, the great authority David Lewis-Williams & his colleague William Challis reveal how analysis of the rock paintings & engravings can be made to yield vital insights into San beliefs & ways of thought. The picture that emerges is very different from past analysis: this art is not a naive narrative of daily life but rather is imbued with power & religious depth. As this elegantly written, enlightening book so ably demonstrates, the prehistoric mind was in fact as complex & sophisticated as that of contemporary humans.