Shipping out to China in December 1947 with three ten-year-old German cameras & a plum assignment from Life magazine, Jack Birns was fulfilling a boyhood dream. The reality was something else: refugees & prostitutes, soldiers & beggars, street executions & urban protests photographed in difficult & often dangerous circumstances amidst the poverty, corruption, & chaos of an expanding civil war. By then the ruling Nationalist Party had been battling the Communist threat for more than two decades, & Birns focused his camera on the human drama unfolding as war pressed ever closer to the country`s financial, cultural, & commercial capital. His effort to show China`s misery up close ran afoul of Time-Life publisher Henry R. Luce`s fervent anti-communism, & for half a century many of these historic photographs lay unpublished in Time-Life`s archives. Printed here for the first time, they offer a graphic vision of a great city, Shanghai, poised on the precipice of political revolution. Seen through the lens of hindsight, Birns`s photographs give us a sense not only of what China was like more than fifty years ago, but also of why the warfare, weariness, & desperation of the time proved such fertile soil for communist revolution. Today these everyday scenes of ordinary people--pedicab drivers, street vendors, bar girls, police, politicians, prisoners--tell a story of national resilience & dignity in the midst of enveloping poverty, repression, & fear. Birns`s stark black & white photographs capture the dramatic end of an era, but they also look forward, letting us glimpse how Shanghai`s past prefigures the city`s commercial & cultural revival in the 1990s.