The world`s largest democracy & second-most populous country, 21st century India is a dynamic nation with a thrusting economy, made up of a variety of beliefs & peoples united under one flag. Its history is a unique story of ancient empires & civilisations, some dating back to humankind`s earliest times. Ancient India was home to myriad kingdoms with boundaries that were ever changing while a variety of cultures & religions have flourished over the millennia as the influence of foreign invaders & occupiers has come & gone. The country was under foreign rule from the early 1800s until the demise of the British Raj & independence in 1947. With countless languages & cultures & many religions, India is one of the world`s most diverse nations. From the late 1980s, India has opened itself to the outside world, encouraging economic reform & foreign investment & is now courted by the world`s leading economic & political powers, including its one-time enemy, China. It is now a major power with a burgeoning middle class, having made substantial strides in areas such as information technology. It has launched a space programme &, famously, boasts a massive film industry, its ` Bollywood` films being amongst the most-watched in the world. Meanwhile, India still has major issues with poverty & illiteracy & campaigns have been launched to alleviate these problems.