Much of the existing research on race & crime focuses on the manipulation of crime by political elites or the racially biased nature of crime policy In contrast Lisa L Miller here specifically focuses on political & socio-legal institutions & actors that drive these developments & their relationship to the politics of race & poverty; in particular the degree to which citizens at most risk of victimization-primarily racial minorities & the poor-play a role in the development of political responses to crime & violence Miller begins her study by providing a detailed analysis of the narrow & often parochial nature of national & state crime politics drawing a sharp contrast to the active & intense local political mobilization on crime by racial minorities & the urban poor In doing so The Perils of Federalism illustrates the ways in which the structure of US federalism has contributed to the absence of black & poor victims of violence from national policy responses to crime & how highly organized but narrowly focused interest groups such as the National Rifle Association have a disproportionate influence in crime politics Moreover it illustrates how the absence of these groups from the policy process at other levels promotes policy frames that are highly skewed in favor of police prosecutors & narrow citizen interests whose policy preferences often converge on increasing punishments for offenders Ultimately The Perils of Federalism challenges the conventional wisdom about the advantages of federalization & explains the key disadvantages that local communities face in trying to change policy