Mastery of the sea has been crucial in European history the transition from the medieval to the modern world was marked by the emergence of European ships from their home waters out into the Atlantic Indian & Pacific Oceans Solving the problem of ocean navigation was an essential prelude to achieving international powers In their sea-charts the maritime nations left a unique visual record of their response to the challenge of the sea In succession Spanish Portuguese Dutch French & English mariners used their charts to express their claims to sovereignty of the seas & territories newly revealed by their naval explorers This revised & updated book traces the history of charts as eloquent witnesses to the discovery of the world beyond Europe & to man's evolving knowledge of the oceans These charts employed a vivid artistic idiom which expressed man's passionate feeling for the sea the gilded compasses the nightmarish sea-creatures the stately ships the royal crests
- all these were fused into a unique artistic practice which flourished for four centuries Featuring new photography of the British Library's most important maritime maps Charting the Oceans is the definitive guide to this majestic art form