What is a caliphate? What is the history of the idea? How is the term used & abused today? In the first modern account of a subject of critical importance today acclaimed historian Hugh Kennedy answers these questions by chronicling the rich history of the caliphate from the death of Muhammad to the present At its height the caliphate stretched from Spain to the borders of China & was the most powerful political entity in western Eurasia In an era when Paris & London boasted a few thousand inhabitants Baghdad & Cairo were sophisticated centres of trade & culture & the Umayyad & Abbasid caliphates were distinguished by major advances in science medicine & architecture By ending with the recent re-emergence of caliphal ideology within fundamentalist Islam The Caliphate underscores why it is crucial that we know about this form of Islamic government to understand the political ideas of the so-called Islamic State & other Islamist groups in the twenty first century