A SUNDAY TIMES HISTORY BOOK OF THE YEAR 2017'A brilliant compelling propulsively written magnificent tour de force' Simon Sebag Montefiore Evening Standard' The second volume of what will surely rank as one of the greatest historical achievements of our age The War & Peace of history a book you fear you will never finish but just cannot put down' Dominic Sandbrook Sunday Times Well before 1929 Stalin had achieved dictatorial power over the Soviet empire but now he decided that the largest peasant economy in the world would be transformed into socialist modernity whatever it took What it took & what Stalin managed to force through transformed the country & its ruler in profound & enduring ways Rather than a tale of a deformed or paranoid personality creating a political system this is a story of a political system shaping a personality Building & running a dictatorship with power of life or death over hundreds of millions in conditions of capitalist self-encirclement made Stalin the person he became Wholesale collectivization of agriculture some 120 million peasants necessitated levels of coercion that were extreme even for Russia but Stalin did not flinch; the resulting mass starvation & death elicited criticism inside the party even from those Communists committed to the eradication of capitalism By 1934 when the situation had stabilized & socialism had been built in the countryside too the internal praise came for his uncanny success in anticapitalist terms But Stalin never forgot & never forgave with bloody consequences as he strove to consolidate the state with a brand new elite Stalin had revived a great power with a formidable industrialized military But the Soviet Union was effectively alone with no allies & enemies perceived everywhere The quest to find security would bring Soviet Communism into an improbable pact with Nazi Germany But that bargain did not work out as envisioned The lives of Stalin & Hitler & the fates of their respective countries drew ever closer to collision Stalin Waiting for Hitler 1929-1941 is like its predecessor Stalin Paradoxes of Power 1878-1928 nothing less than a history of the world from Stalin's desk It is also like its predecessor a landmark achievement in the annals of the biographer's art Kotkin's portrait captures the vast structures moving global events & the intimate details of decision-making