This book is the first to cover the engineering aspects of severe plastic deformation (SPD) technology used to refine grain structure in metallic materials The fundamentals of both the well-known & novel SPD processes are explained & the engineering know-how required for successful implementation of these processes revealed The principles of each SPD technique are explained & insight provided into the mechanics of material deformation & microstructural changes The equipment used for SPD processing is described including machines & tools The book covers the most popular SPD process of equal channel angular pressing ECAP & its incremental version I-ECAP A separate chapter is devoted to tooling used in ECAPI-ECAP Another popular SPD process is high pressure torsion (HPT) which produces very good results in terms of refining grain structure but faces some technical challenges A less known SPD process is cyclic extrusion compression (CEC) which is thoroughly explained as is twist extrusion (TE) which is a relatively new process that is showing good potential Finally an original SPD process of accumulated roll bonding (ARB) capable of refining grain structure in sheets is discussed The book is intended for students & researchers working in the field of refining grain structure of metals by SPD By explaining the engineering aspects of SPD it enables the best SPD process to be chosen for a given application thus avoiding time-consuming & wasteful trials It also encourages metal forming researchers & material scientists to work together in order to improve existing & develop new SPD processes Finally this book is also for industrial engineers who will ultimately be using the SPD technology for mass production of metals with refined grain structure & enhanced properties