Revolutionizing received opinion of Taoism's origins in light of historic new discoveries Harold D Roth has uncovered China's oldest mystical text-the original expression of Taoist philosophy-and presents it here with a complete translation & commentary Over the past twenty-five years documents recovered from the tombs of China's ancient elite have sparked a revolution in scholarship about early Chinese thought in particular the origins of Taoist philosophy & religion In Original Tao Harold D Roth exhumes the seminal text of Taoism-Inward Training (Nei-yeh)-not from a tomb but from the pages of the Kuan Tzu a voluminous text on politics & economics in which this mystical tract had been "buried" for centuries Inward Training is composed of short poetic verses devoted to the practice of breath meditation & to the insights about the nature of human beings & the form of the cosmos derived from this practice In its poetic form & tone the work closely resembles the Tao-te Ching; moreover it clearly evokes Taoism's affinities to other mystical traditions notably aspects of Hinduism & Buddhism Roth argues that Inward Training is the foundational text of early Taoism & traces the book to the mid-fourth century BC (the late Warring States period in China) These verses contain the oldest surviving expressions of a method for mystical "inner cultivation" which Roth identifies as the basis for all early Taoist texts including the Chuang Tzu & the world-renowned Tao-te Ching With these historic discoveries he reveals the possibility of a much deeper continuity between early "philosophical" Taoism & the later Taoist religion than scholars had previously suspected Original Tao contains an elegant & luminous complete translation of the original text Roth's comprehensive analysis explains what Inward Training meant to the people who wrote it how this work came to be "entombed" within the Kuan Tzu & why the text was largely overlooked after the early Han period