On December 15 1868 Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius (1794-1868) Professor of Botany at the University of Munich & director of the Royal Botanic Garden was carried to his grave in a coffin covered with fresh palm leaves The fronds were a reference to his groundbreaking Natural History of Palms a work in three volumes published between 1823-1853 This encyclopedic treasury of 240 exquisite chromolithographic illustrations was based on Martius's expeditions through Brazil & Peru From 1817 to 1820 he traveled over 2250 km (1400 miles) through the Amazon basin to investigate natural history & native tribes with zoologist Johann Baptist von Spix The result was an unrivaled catalog of all known genera of the palm family outlining the modern classification of palms describing all the palms of Brazil & producing the first maps of palm biogeography Martius's folio is unusual in its inclusion of cross-sectioned diagrams conveying the architecture of these mighty trees which central Europeans would have found hard to imagine accurately Equally remarkable are the color landscapes showing various palms-often standing alone in simple & elegant beauty