One of the greatest philosophers of the nineteenth century Schopenhauer (1788-1860) believed that human action is determined not by reason but by &will&
- the blind & irrational desire for physical existence This selection of his writings on religion ethics politics women suicide books & many other themes is taken from Schopenhauer&s last work Parerga & Paralipomena which he published in 1851 These pieces depict humanity as locked in a struggle beyond good & evil & each individual absolutely free within a Godless world in which art morality & self-awareness are our only salvation This innovative
- & pessimistic
- view has proved powerfully influential upon philosophy & art directly affecting the work of Nietzsche Wittgenstein & Wagner among others