To understand China it is essential to understand Confucianism First formulated in the sixth century BCE the teachings of Confucius would come to dominate Chinese society politics economics & ethics In this Very Short Introduction Daniel K Gardner explores the major philosophical ideas of the Confucian tradition showing their profound impact on state ideology & imperial government the civil service examination system domestic life & social relations over the course of twenty-six centuries Gardner focuses on two of the Sage's most crucial philosophical problems-what makes for a good person & what constitutes good government-and demonstrates the enduring significance of these questions today This volume shows the influence of the Sage's teachings over the course of Chinese history-on state ideology the civil service examination system imperial government the family & social relations-and the fate of Confucianism in China in the nineteenth & twentieth centuries as China developed alongside a modernizing West & Japan Some Chinese intellectuals attempted to reform the Confucian tradition to address new needs; others argued for jettisoning it altogether in favor of Western ideas & technology; still others condemned it angrily arguing that Confucius & his legacy were responsible for China's feudal backward conditions in the twentieth century & launching campaigns to eradicate its influences Yet Chinese continue to turn to the teachings of Confucianism for guidance in their daily lives In addition to a survey of the philosophy & history of Confucianism Gardner offers an examination of the resurgence of Confucianism in China today & explores what such a revival means for the Chinese government & the Chinese people