Each year a new eruption of leaderless social movements
- from North Africa & the Middle East to Europe the Americas & East Asia
- leaves journalists political analysts police forces & governments disoriented & perplexed Activists too struggle to understand & evaluate the power & effectiveness of horizontal movements Why have the movements which address the needs & desires of so many not been able to achieve lasting change & create a new more democratic & just society? Some people assume that if only social movements could find new leaders they would return to their earlier glory Where they ask are the new Martin Luther Kings Rudi Dutschkes & Steven Bikos? Although today's leaderless & spontaneous political organizations are not sufficient a return to traditional centralized forms of political leadership is neither desirable nor possible Necessary instead as Michael Hardt & Antonio Negri argue is an inversion of the roles of the multitude & leadership in political organizations Leaders should be confined to short-term tactical action while the multitude drives strategy In other words the formulation of long-term goals & objectives must come from the collective rather than designated figureheads Drawing on the ideas developed through their well-known Empire trilogy Hardt & Negri have produced in Assembly a timely proposal for how current large-scale horizontal movements can develop collectively the capacities for political strategy & decision-making to effect lasting & democratic change