Volcanoes are vents extending down into Earth’s crust. When a volcano erupts, hot melted rock, gas & ash can gush explosively from the vent. Volcanoes can occur on land or under the water. Some volcanoes are very active & dangerous, & some have not erupted for thousands & thousands of years. There are many famous volcanoes around the world. One famous volcano is Mount Pinatubo, in the Philippines. Mount Pinatubo was peaceful for nearly 500 years, before awakening with a devastating eruption. Sapphire level titles provide a selection of stories & non-fiction titles chosen for their range of content, narrative & points of view. This level encourages readers to form opinions & discuss their own reading tastes. PM Guided Reading Non-fiction books are fascinating texts that increase in word count & pages in line with progression of children’s reading age, for appropriate literacy skills development. The books represent all the standard text types & contain literal, inferential & applied knowledge questions to test comprehension & promote discussion. pm 19-offer