A collection of five key films from the Neo-Realist movement, which took place in 1940s & 50s Italy, inaugurating the use of lightweight 16mm cameras, a cast of non-professional actors & actual locations rather than studio sets. Roberto Rossellini's 1945 film ' Rome, Open City' is arguably the film that provided the Neo-Realist movement with its blueprint. Set in the last days of the Nazi occupation of Italy, it follows the story of a priest who is also a resistance leader. He flees the Gestapo, hides out with a pregnant girl & is eventually caught & executed. Vittorio De Sica's film ' The Bicycle Thieves' (1948) won an Oscar for Best Foreign Film. It tells the story of Antonio, a working-class Italian, living just above the poverty line. When he finally lands a job as a bill-sticker, his happiness is short-lived as his bicycle, essential for the promised job, is stolen. With his small son Bruno he tramps the city in a desperate search for the precious bicycle. ' Miracle in Milan' (1951), De Sica's follow-up to ' Bicycle Thieves', won the Best Film Award at Cannes in 1951. Its fairy tale-like story concerns the plight of the poor in post-WWII Italy. A group of down-&-outs are threatened with eviction by developers but manage to escape their plight after angelic intervention, thanks to a magic dove given to young orphan Toto by a fairy, which enables Toto to grant the beggars their wishes. ' Umberto D' (1952) is another hugely revered film by Vittorio De Sica, which was for years banned in Italy & labelled as subversive & negative to the country. It is a portrait of an old man, living out his last days alone & abandoned by a post-war Italian society. Non-professional Carlo Battisti plays Umberto Domenico Ferrari, a retired civil servant with no friends, family or prospects to speak of, only his dog Flike for company. Umberto lives only on his meagre pension & in dire surroundings with a grasping landlady. He has fallen behind on his rent &, after many indignities, finally reaches a point where suicide seems like the only answer. However, he puts these thoughts aside when he realises that Flike would be left to the streets if he was not there. 'I Vitelloni' (1953) is Federico Fellini's semi-autobiographical story of a group of friends
- I Vitelloni (the young calves)
- who have grown up together in the town of Rimini. Fausto, Moraldo, Alberto, Leopaldo & Ricardo spend their days in bars & cafes, dreaming of adventure, discussing women & sponging off their parents. Only Moraldo (Fellini's alter-ego, who becomes Marcello in ' La Dolca Vita') manages to escape the small-town existence & go to Rome.

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This field-defining book offers an interpretation of the recent figurations of neo-Victorianism published over the last ten years. Using a range of critical & cultural viewpoints, it highlights the problematic nature of this 'new' genre & its relationship to re-interpretative critical perspectives on the nineteenth century. ...

Examining the global

Dimensions of Neo-Victorianism, this book explores how the appropriation of Victorian images

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Dyson explains the convergence & divergence between British, French & German defence reforms in the post-Cold War era. He engages with cultural & realist theories & develops a neoclassical realist approach to change & stasis in defence policy, bringing new material to bear on the factors which have affected defence reforms. ...

Neoclassicism
- the most pervasive style in the history of European art
- was deployed for everything from great civic buildings

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Presents an overview of the development of Neo-classicist & Romantic art in Europe & North America. This work discusses European painting between two revolutions: the development of painting in France from Jacques Louis David through to Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres & his antipode, Eugene Delacroix. ...

Neoclassicism, which arose during the 18th Century's Age of Enlightenment, was inspired by the rationality, simplicity & grandeur of ancient Greece & Rome. This book focuses on the influential Neoclassic & Romantic art movements. It illuminates the ideas & events that shaped this era of artistic ferment. ...