King Philip IV of Spain (1605
- 1665) was the son of Philip III & Margaret of Austria. His reign saw the decline of Spanish power.
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Philip the Handsome (1478
- 1506) became Philip I of Castile; he wears the collar of the Golden Fleece. His sister ' Margaret of
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Philippe-François, 1st Duke of Arenberg & Duke of Arschot & Croy (1625
- 1674), was an important figure at the court of Brussels.
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Create your own bespoke print of Salvator Rosa’s Philosophy from our collection. About this painting Philosophy, about 1645 © The National Gallery, London This painting joined our collection in 1933 With our custom print service, you can order your own fully customised reproduction from the National Gallery Collection & exhibitions. Choose your own size, print material & frames & have your masterpiece delivered straight to your door. ...

Also available in Hardback Author Elizabeth Cowling is Professor Emeritus of History of Art at Edinburgh University. Neil Cox is Professor of Art & Theory at the University of Essex. Simonetta Fraquelli is an independent art historian. Susan Grace Galassi is Curator at the Frick Collection, New York. Christopher Riopelle is Curator of Post-1800 Paintings at the National Gallery, London, & author/collaborator on several National Gallery titles such as Painting History: Delaroche & Lady Jane Grey, An American Experiment: George Bellows & the Ashcan Painters & Manet to Picasso. Anne Robbins is Assistant Curator of Post-1800 Paintings at the National Gallery, London, & collaborator on Painting History: Delaroche & Lady Jane Grey Published to accompany the exhibition Picasso: Challenging the Past at the National Gallery, London 25 February – 7 June 2009. From his earliest years Pablo Picasso was a passionate student of the European painting tradition. His memory for images was voracious, & he amassed an art collection of his own. Naturally he was drawn to the Spanish masters Velazquez & Goya, but also important to him were figures such as Rembrandt, Delacroix, Ingres, Manet & Cézanne. Picasso repeatedly pitted himself against these masters, taking up their signature themes, techniques & artistic concerns in audacious paintings of his own. Sometimes his ‘quotations' were direct, other times highly allusive. Always, Picasso made the implicit case that it was he in the twentieth century who most forcefully reinvigorated the European tradition. Picasso: Challenging the Past showcases the technical dexterity, independence & vitality of Picasso's creative processes, for here we witness the daring transformation of the art of the past into, in Picasso's own words, ‘something else entirely’. Reviews ‘ See the past afresh through Picasso’s eye in this well-illustrated & thought-provoking compendium of his fiercely competitive ‘collaborations’ with Old Masters.’ The Times, 15 April 2009. ...

The lyric poet Pindar (518
- 438 BC) raises his lyre. Ictinus, the fifth-century BC architect of the Parthenon in Athens, holds
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The sitter is identified as the Mantuan poet & writer on medicine Battista Fiera (about 1465
- 1538) by an old tradition; this
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A depiction of Federigo da Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino (1422
- 1482), with two of his children. This is a forgery of the early
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The sitter has not been identified. This painting remains unrecorded prior to its acquisition. It is thought to be a work of the late 16th or early 17th century; the condition of the picture prevents a more specific appraisal of authorship or quality. It ...

This bust-length portrait of an unidentified sitter is probably cut down at the right. The inscription, which is truncated, may be a part of a couplet of unknown origin, & presumably refers to the subject. This painting has in the past been attributed t ...