Improve the look of skin with NIOD Copper Amino Isolate Serum 2:1, the second generation of the brand's multi-award-winning Copper Amino Isolate Serum (CAIS). How Does it Work? Tackling signs of ageing with an indirect approach, the effective serum distances itself from the traditional thinking of addressing visible skin ageing individually by instead, forming a foundation to respect skin health. The serum contains 1.0% pure Copper Tripeptide-1 (GHK-Cu), which is a naturally-occurring peptide that depletes with age (vital for a range of skin functions including collagen synthesis & immune function). To be mixed with a specialised activator before use, this extraordinary concentration targets visible textural damage, uneven tone, enlarged pores & radiance to promote an overall healthier-looking complexion. How Does it Differ to the First Generation of CAIS? Unlike the first generation, which contained direct GHK copper peptides (known as GHK-Cu), this second generation contains 2% of pure GHK peptide of which 1% branches with copper ions upon mixing with NIOD's patent-pending approach (this forms 1% freshly-assembled, pro-repair GHK-Cu (copper peptides) & leaves 1% free-form, pro-collagen GHK peptide.) Improving the look of texture, tone, pores & radiance, the serum promotes an overall healthier-looking complexion. Delivery Technologies: Formulated on a base of mono-dispersed, plant-derived Glycogen, penetration-enhancing Myristoyl Nonapeptide-3 & cross-linked Hyaluronic Acid, the anti-ageing formula helps to improve the look of skin texture & tone. Pro-Collagen Technologies: Contains 9.0% Pure Undiluted Tripeptide-29, which works in synergy with GHK & GHK-Cu to support healthy collagen, plus 4.0% Complex of Acetyl Tetrapeptide-2 & Trifluroacetyl Tripeptide-2 to support firmer-feeling skin. p H 4.6-5.6. Vegan. Cruelty free. Free from alcohol, oil, silicone, nuts & gluten.