This water-free solution contains 1% pure Retinol, an ingredient that can reduce the appearances of fine lines, of photo damage & of general skin ageing. While Retinol has been studied extensively, it is irritating to the skin & newer technologies exist that mimic the visible effects of Retinol without causing skin irritation. For this reason, we generally recommend using Granactive Retinoid 2% or Granactive Retinoid 5% instead of this formula. Water-free, alcohol-free, silicone-free, nut-free, vegan, gluten-free, cruelty-free.