Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is indicated to reduce the appearance of skin blemishes & congestion. A high 10% concentration of this vitamin is supported in the formula by zinc salt of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid to balance visible aspects of sebum activity. Contraindications: If topical Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic Acid and/or Ethylated L-Ascorbic Acid) is used as part of skincare it should be applied at alternate times with this formula (ideally Vitamin C in the PM & this formula in the AM). Otherwise Niacinamide can affect integrity of the Vitamin C. Notes: While Niacinamide & Zinc PCA reduce the look of blemishes & balance visible sebum activity neither is a treatment for acne. For persistent acne-related conditions we recommend the use of Benzoyl Peroxide and/or Retinoic Acid. DECIEM doesn't recommend ongoing use of BHA such as Salicylic Acid for persistent blemishes. For temporary improvement in appearance of blemishes Salicylic Acid would help. This formulation can be used alongside acne treatments if desired for added visible skin benefits. Independent studies suggest Niacinamide is also an effective ingredient for brightening skin tone.